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Home / Equine Research Bank / Pathogens / Emergent and Neglected Equine Filariosis in Egypt: Species D...
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2022; 11(9); 979; doi: 10.3390/pathogens11090979

Emergent and Neglected Equine Filariosis in Egypt: Species Diversity and Host Immune Response.

Abstract: Equine filariosis (EF) is a neglected vector-borne disease caused by nematode species belonging to the Onchocercidae and Setariidae families. Aside from their zoonotic potential, some species are responsible for serious health problems in equids worldwide, leading to significant economic difficulties. Here, we molecularly investigated equine blood samples (320 horses and 109 donkeys from Egypt) and four adult worms isolated from the peritoneal cavity of 5 out of the 94 slaughtered donkeys. In addition, quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) targeting circulating cytokines were used to identify whether the immunological profile of the infected animals is a Th1 (i.e., INF-gamma as indicator) or Th2 (i.e., IL-5 and IL-10 as indicators) response type. Overall, 13.8% and 0.3% of the donkeys and horses, respectively, were scored as positive for filaroid DNA. The 18S phylogeny revealed the occurrence of three different filaroid species, identified here as () sp., and . Th1 (INF-gamma and IL-5) and Th2 (IL-10) immune response types were identified in equines infected with and () sp., respectively. These results provide new data on the species diversity of EF in Egypt and extend knowledge of the downregulation of the protective immune response by the potentially zoonotic sp. There is an urgent need to implement control measures to preserve equine health and limit the propagation of these vector-borne filaroids in Egypt.
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Publication Date: 2022-08-27 PubMed ID: 36145411PubMed Central: PMC9501446DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090979Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper investigates the diversity of the parasite species causing Equine filariosis (a vector-borne disease in horses and donkeys) in Egypt and how the host’s immune system responds to these parasites. The researchers found three different species of parasites causing the disease and noted different immune responses depending on the species present in the host.

Method of Research

  • The researchers gathered blood samples from 320 horses and 109 donkeys in Egypt.
  • The team also studied four adult worms found in the peritoneal cavity of 5 slaughters donkeys.
  • They used molecular techniques to investigate the presence of filaroid DNA (the genetic material of the parasites causing the disease).
  • They also used a type of test called Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs) to investigate the immune response of the infected animals.

Results and Findings

  • It was found that 13.8% of the donkeys and 0.3% of the horses were positive for filaroid DNA, indicating infection with the parasite.
  • The phylogenetic analysis (study of the evolutionary relationship) of the 18S gene (a part of the genetic material analyzed) revealed three different species of parasites causing the disease.
  • The species were indicated as Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis, Hippobosca equina, and a currently unidentified species.
  • The researchers identified both Th1 (identified by the presence of INF-gamma and IL-5) and Th2 (identified by IL-10) immune response types in the infected equines, though the response varied depending upon the infecting species.

Conclusions and Recommendations

  • The research contributes new data on the diversity of parasite species causing Equine filariosis in Egypt and adds detail to our understanding of how the host’s immune system responds to these parasites.
  • The unidentified species of parasite was noted to have a potential for zoonotic transmission (transmission from animals to humans).
  • The study concludes with an urgent recommendation for implementing control measures to preserve equine health and to prevent further spread of these vector-borne parasites in Egypt.

Cite This Article

APA
Abo-Aziza FAM, Hendawy SHM, Abdullah HHAM, El Namaky A, Laidoudi Y, Mediannikov O. (2022). Emergent and Neglected Equine Filariosis in Egypt: Species Diversity and Host Immune Response. Pathogens, 11(9), 979. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11090979

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 9
PII: 979

Researcher Affiliations

Abo-Aziza, Faten A M
  • Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
Hendawy, Seham H M
  • Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • Tick and Tick-Borne Diseases Research Unit, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
Abdullah, Hend H A M
  • Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France.
El Namaky, Amira
  • Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
Laidoudi, Younes
  • Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France.
  • PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University of Constantine 1, El-Khroub 25100, Algeria.
Mediannikov, Oleg
  • Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declared no conflict of interest with respect to the research, authorship and publication of this article.

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