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Journal of veterinary internal medicine2001; 15(4); 401-406;

Endoscopic findings of the gastric antrum and pylorus in horses: 162 cases (1996-2000).

Abstract: Medical records and endoscopy images were examined for 209 horses that had gastroscopic examinations performed with a 2.5- or 3-m-long endoscope by one of the authors (MJM) during a 4-year period (1996-2000). The antrum and pylorus were viewed in 162 horses, and the duodenum was viewed in 94 horses. Of these 162 horses, the gastric squamous mucosa was seen in 157 horses and 50% or more of the glandular mucosa of the body of the stomach was seen in 156 horses. Erosions or ulcers were seen in the gastric squamous mucosa in 91 (58%) horses. Erosions or ulcers were seen in the glandular mucosa of the body of the stomach in only 8% of the horses. Lesions consisting of erosion or ulceration were seen in the antrum or pylorus in 94 (58%) horses. Lesions consisting of hyperemia and a rough or "bumpy" appearance were seen in the mucosa of the duodenum of 16 horses. An association between the presence of lesions in the squamous mucosa and the presence of lesions in the mucosa of the antrum/pylorus was examined by Fisher's exact test, and the linear association of lesion severity scores between the squamous mucosa and the mucosa of the antrum/pylorus was tested using a Monte Carlo estimate for linear-by-linear association. There was no association (P = .88) between these sites for presence of lesions or lesion severity scores. Similarly, there was no association between scores for the glandular mucosa in the gastric body and those in the antrum/pylorus. Because of the high prevalence of lesions in the antrum and pylorus of the stomachs of adult horses examined in a hospital setting, the entire stomach should be viewed during a gastroscopic examination.
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Publication Date: 2001-07-27 PubMed ID: 11467600
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the incidence of gastric lesions in horses, including erosions or ulcers, by analyzing medical records and endoscopy images from 209 horses over the period 1996-2000. The researchers found a high prevalence of such lesions in the antrum and pylorus of the horses’ stomachs, emphasizing the importance of full examination of the entire stomach during gastroscopic examination.

Methodology

  • The research team analyzed the medical records and endoscopic images of 209 horses.
  • The examinations were performed using a 2.5- or 3-meter-long endoscope by one of the authors during a four-year period between 1996 and 2000.
  • The antrum and pylorus were viewed in 162 horses, and the duodenum was examined in 94 horses.

Findings

  • The gastric squamous mucosa was seen in 157 horses and 50% or more of the glandular mucosa of the body of the stomach was seen in 156 horses.
  • Erosions or ulcers were seen in the gastric squamous mucosa in 91 (58%) horses.
  • Erosions or ulcers were seen in the glandular mucosa of the body of the stomach in only 8% of the horses.
  • Lesions consisting of erosion or ulceration were seen in the antrum or pylorus in 94 (58%) horses.
  • Lesions consisting of hyperemia and a rough or “bumpy” appearance were seen in the mucosa of the duodenum of 16 horses.

Statistical Analysis

  • An association between the presence of lesions in the squamous mucosa and the presence of lesions in the mucosa of the antrum/pylorus was examined by Fisher’s exact test, and the linear association of lesion severity scores between the squamous mucosa and the mucosa of the antrum/pylorus was tested using a Monte Carlo estimate for linear-by-linear association.
  • However, there was no association (P = .88) between these sites for presence of lesions or lesion severity scores.
  • Similarly, there was no association between scores for the glandular mucosa in the gastric body and those in the antrum/pylorus.

Conclusion

  • The research showed a high prevalence of erosions or ulcers in various parts of the stomach, particularly in the antrum and pylorus.
  • Because of this, the authors emphasize that the entire stomach should be viewed during a gastroscopic examination in order to not miss any potential lesions.

Cite This Article

APA
Murray MJ, Nout YS, Ward DL. (2001). Endoscopic findings of the gastric antrum and pylorus in horses: 162 cases (1996-2000). J Vet Intern Med, 15(4), 401-406.

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 0891-6640
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Pages: 401-406

Researcher Affiliations

Murray, M J
  • Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Leesburg 20177, USA. mjmurray@vt.edu
Nout, Y S
    Ward, D L

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Breeding
      • Duodenoscopy / veterinary
      • Female
      • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
      • Horse Diseases / pathology
      • Horses
      • Male
      • Prevalence
      • Pyloric Antrum / pathology
      • Records / veterinary
      • Retrospective Studies
      • Stomach Ulcer / epidemiology
      • Stomach Ulcer / pathology
      • Stomach Ulcer / veterinary
      • Virginia / epidemiology

      Citations

      This article has been cited 13 times.
      1. Julliand S, Buttet M, Hermange T, Hillon P, Julliand V. Effect of diet composition on glandular gastric disease in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2023 Jul-Aug;37(4):1528-1536.
        doi: 10.1111/jvim.16747pubmed: 37264707google scholar: lookup
      2. Gough S, Hallowell G, Rendle D. Evaluation of the treatment of equine glandular gastric disease with either long-acting-injectable or oral omeprazole. Vet Med Sci 2022 Mar;8(2):561-567.
        doi: 10.1002/vms3.728pubmed: 35167731google scholar: lookup
      3. Whitfield-Cargile CM, Coleman MC, Cohen ND, Chamoun-Emanuelli AM, DeSolis CN, Tetrault T, Sowinski R, Bradbery A, Much M. Effects of phenylbutazone alone or in combination with a nutritional therapeutic on gastric ulcers, intestinal permeability, and fecal microbiota in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Mar;35(2):1121-1130.
        doi: 10.1111/jvim.16093pubmed: 33656183google scholar: lookup
      4. Steinmann M, Bezugley RJ, Bond SL, Pomrantz JS, Léguillette R. A wireless endoscopy capsule suitable for imaging of the equine stomach and small intestine. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Jul;34(4):1622-1630.
        doi: 10.1111/jvim.15825pubmed: 32511848google scholar: lookup
      5. Gough S, Hallowell G, Rendle D. A study investigating the treatment of equine squamous gastric disease with long-acting injectable or oral omeprazole. Vet Med Sci 2020 May;6(2):235-241.
        doi: 10.1002/vms3.220pubmed: 31945806google scholar: lookup
      6. Sykes BW, Bowen M, Habershon-Butcher JL, Green M, Hallowell GD. Management factors and clinical implications of glandular and squamous gastric disease in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Jan;33(1):233-240.
        doi: 10.1111/jvim.15350pubmed: 30499188google scholar: lookup
      7. Mönki J, Hewetson M, Virtala AM. Risk Factors for Equine Gastric Glandular Disease: A Case-Control Study in a Finnish Referral Hospital Population. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Jul;30(4):1270-5.
        doi: 10.1111/jvim.14370pubmed: 27461724google scholar: lookup
      8. Sykes BW, Hewetson M, Hepburn RJ, Luthersson N, Tamzali Y. European College of Equine Internal Medicine Consensus Statement--Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome in Adult Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2015 Sep-Oct;29(5):1288-99.
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      9. Sykes BW, Sykes KM, Hallowell GD. Administration of trimethoprim-sulphadimidine does not improve healing of glandular gastric ulceration in horses receiving omeprazole: a randomised, blinded, clinical study. BMC Vet Res 2014 Aug 23;10:180.
        doi: 10.1186/s12917-014-0180-0pubmed: 25927827google scholar: lookup
      10. Perkins GA, den Bakker HC, Burton AJ, Erb HN, McDonough SP, McDonough PL, Parker J, Rosenthal RL, Wiedmann M, Dowd SE, Simpson KW. Equine stomachs harbor an abundant and diverse mucosal microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012 Apr;78(8):2522-32.
        doi: 10.1128/AEM.06252-11pubmed: 22307294google scholar: lookup
      11. Husted L, Jensen TK, Olsen SN, Mølbak L. Examination of equine glandular stomach lesions for bacteria, including Helicobacter spp by fluorescence in situ hybridisation. BMC Microbiol 2010 Mar 19;10:84.
        doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-84pubmed: 20298612google scholar: lookup
      12. Tesena P, Vinijkumthorn R, Preuksathaporn T, Piyakul P, Chotikaprakal T, Sirireugwipas R, Wong-Aree K, Prapaiwan N. Evaluation of gastrointestinal tract lesions and serum malondialdehyde levels after repeated oral administration of phenylbutazone in horses. Vet Res Commun 2024 Aug;48(4):2343-2355.
        doi: 10.1007/s11259-024-10415-ypubmed: 38771448google scholar: lookup
      13. Araújo RA, Sales NAA, Basile RC, Feringer-Junior WH, Apparício M, Ferraz GC, Queiroz-Neto A. Safety Assessment of an Oral Therapeutic Dose of Firocoxib on Healthy Horses. Vet Sci 2023 Aug 22;10(9).
        doi: 10.3390/vetsci10090531pubmed: 37756053google scholar: lookup
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