Endoscopy of the intertubercular bursa in horses.

The objective of this research was to describe the endoscopic anatomy of the intertubercular bursa in horses and identify the most effective surgical portals for procedures within this area. The study involved examination of forelimbs from three anesthetized horses and sixteen freshly deceased ones. The findings might provide a less invasive approach to treating intertubercular bursitis, a common equine condition.

Research Method

• The study was conducted on the forelimbs of three anesthetized live horses and sixteen cadaver horses. Anesthetized horses provided live anatomical interaction while the cadaver horses helped guarantee a broader understanding of the bursal anatomy.
• Endoscopic examination allowed for detailed observation of the intertubercular bursa, a sac-like structure located between the humerus and the deltoid of the horses. Two different portals (or entry points for surgical instruments) were utilized to gain access to the bursa. One portal placed laterally, proximal to the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus in the distal bursal recess and the second portal situated proximal to the humeral tubercles in the proximal bursal space. These distinct portal placements offered varied viewing and tool access angles.

Research Findings

• Both portal placements consistently enabled viewing and access to several structures: the lateral intertuberal groove, the greater and intermediate humeral tubercles, and the synovial membrane of the proximal and distal bursal recesses.
• However, the research found that the intermediate tubercle and heavy muscle mass impeded access to the medial intertuberal groove and lesser tubercle. Limitations in viewing and reaching these areas could potentially restrict surgical procedures.

Implications and Applications

• The study’s findings provide valuable insight that could assist in the development of less invasive surgical methods to treat intertubercular bursitis in horses, by making use of the identified endoscopic portals.
• Suggested clinical applications of this technique include cartilage debridement (the removal of damaged tissue), fragment removal, partial synovectomy (the surgical removal of a diseased synovial membrane), and high-volume lavage (cleansing or irrigation of an area with large amounts of fluid).