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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(10); 2962; doi: 10.3390/ani11102962

Engrafting Horse Immune Cells into Mouse Hosts for the Study of the Acute Equine Immune Responses.

Abstract: Immunological studies in the horse are frequently hampered by lack of environmental control, complicated study design, and ethical concerns when performing high risk studies. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the utility of a xenograft model for studying acute equine immune responses. Immunocompromised non obese diabetic (NOD). sudden combined immunodeficiency (scid).gamma-/- (NSG) mice were engrafted with either equine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) or equine bone marrow to determine an optimal protocol for equine lymphocyte engraftment. We found that both PBL and bone marrow grafts populated the host mice successfully. Bone marrow transplants were technically more challenging and required further processing to retard graft versus host disease. Graft vs host disease was apparent at 28 days post-PBL transfer and 56 days post-bone marrow transfer. The results of these studies support the use of mouse hosts to study acute equine immune responses and that different engraftment techniques can be used depending on the experimental design.
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Publication Date: 2021-10-14 PubMed ID: 34679981PubMed Central: PMC8532756DOI: 10.3390/ani11102962Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the applicability of a xenograft model, particularly involving mouse hosts, for studying acute equine immune responses. The findings suggest that both equine peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow can successfully populate host mice, and the onset of graft versus host disease can be controlled depending on the graft used.

Background and Purpose of the Study

  • The study was conducted in light of the challenges inherent in directly studying horse immune reactions. These challenges include controlling environmental factors, designing apt studies, and ethical concerns related to risky procedures.
  • Thus, the study’s primary aim was exploring the potential of a xenograft model, in which tissues or cells from one species (horse in this case) is implanted into an organism of another species (here, mice) for understanding acute equine immune responses.

Study Design and Methodology

  • Immunodeficient non-obese diabetic (NOD) and severe combined immunodeficiency (scid).gamma-/- (NSG) mice were used as host subjects for this study.
  • The researchers then grafted either equine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) or equine bone marrow into these mice to ascertain the optimal method for equine lymphocyte engraftment.

Results and Observations

  • Both PBL and bone marrow grafts successfully populated the host mice, meaning that their immune responses could be studied in these organisms.
  • However, it was observed that bone marrow transplants were technically more complex, requiring more processing to delay the onset of graft versus host disease (GVHD) – a condition that sometimes arises after a transplant, where the host immune system sees the new tissue as an alien and attacks it.
  • GVHD was observed to occur around 28 days after the PBL transfer, and around 56 days after bone marrow transfer.

Conclusion

  • The research thus validates the use of mouse xenograft models in studying horse immune responses, specifically acute responses.
  • It also highlights that the technique of engraftment can vary based on the specifics of the experimental design, with each method having its own advantages and considerations.

Cite This Article

APA
Leeth C, Adkins J, Hay A, Bogers S, Potter A, Witonsky S, Zhu J. (2021). Engrafting Horse Immune Cells into Mouse Hosts for the Study of the Acute Equine Immune Responses. Animals (Basel), 11(10), 2962. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102962

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 10
PII: 2962

Researcher Affiliations

Leeth, Caroline
  • Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, 175 West Campus Drive MC 0306, Litton Reaves Hall rm 300, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Adkins, Janie
  • Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, 175 West Campus Drive MC 0306, Litton Reaves Hall rm 300, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Hay, Alayna
  • Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, 175 West Campus Drive MC 0306, Litton Reaves Hall rm 300, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Bogers, Sophie
  • Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Potter, Ashley
  • Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, 175 West Campus Drive MC 0306, Litton Reaves Hall rm 300, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Witonsky, Sharon
  • Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Zhu, Jing
  • Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, 175 West Campus Drive MC 0306, Litton Reaves Hall rm 300, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.

Grant Funding

  • 1019507 / National Institute of Food and Agriculture
  • 178626 / VMCVM Internal Research Competition
  • n/a / Virginia Horse Industry Board

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Lawrence P, Escudero-Pérez B. Henipavirus Immune Evasion and Pathogenesis Mechanisms: Lessons Learnt from Natural Infection and Animal Models. Viruses 2022 Apr 29;14(5).
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  2. Sluyter R, Sligar C, Elhage A, Chu KM, Watson D. Xenogeneic Animal Models of Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2025;2907:57-70.
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