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Home / Equine Research Bank / PeerJ / Environmental stressors may cause equine herpesvirus reactiv...
PeerJ2018; 6; e5422; doi: 10.7717/peerj.5422

Environmental stressors may cause equine herpesvirus reactivation in captive Grévy’s zebras (Equus grevyi).

Abstract: Equine Herpesviruses (EHV) are common and often latent pathogens of equids which can cause fatalities when transmitted to non-equids. Stress and elevated glucocorticoids have been associated with EHV reactivation in domestic horses, but little is known about the correlation between stress and viral reactivation in wild equids. We investigated the effect of an environmental stressor (social group restructuring following a translocation event) on EHV reactivation in captive Grévy's zebras (). A mare was translocated by road transport from Zoo Mulhouse, France, to join a resident group of three mares in Tierpark Berlin, Germany. We used an indirect sampling method to assess the frequency of EHV shedding for 14 days immediately after the translocation event (termed the 'experimental period'). The results were compared with those from two control periods, one preceding and one subsequent to the experimental period. In addition, we measured fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) concentrations daily in all individuals from 6 days before, to 14 days after translocation. We found significantly higher EHV shedding frequencies during the experimental period, compared to each of the two control periods. All animals showed significantly elevated fGCM concentrations, compared to fGCM levels before translocation. Finally, we found that an increase in fGCM concentration was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of EHV shedding. Although the small number of animals in the study limits the conclusions that can be drawn from the study, taken together, our results support the hypothesis that environmental stressors induce viral reactivation in wild equids. Our results suggest that potentials stressors such as group restructuring and translocation should be considered in the management of zoological collections to reduce the risk of fatal EHV infections in novel hosts. Moreover, environmental stressors may play an important role in EHV reactivation and spread in wild equid populations.
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Publication Date: 2018-08-22 PubMed ID: 30155350PubMed Central: PMC6109370DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5422Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study explores how environmental stressors, like social group changes and relocation, could cause reactivation of the equine herpesvirus (EHV) in captive Grévy’s zebras. Evidence shows increased virus shedding and stress hormone (glucocorticoids) levels during times of stress, supporting the idea of stress influencing EHV reactivation in wild equids.

About Equine Herpesviruses (EHV)

  • Equine Herpesviruses are commonly found pathogens in equids (horse-like animals, including zebras) that can potentially be fatal to non-equid animals.
  • These viruses are often latent or dormant and could be reactivated under certain circumstances.
  • Previous studies have suggested a link between stress, elevated glucocorticoid levels (stress hormones), and EHV reactivation in domestic horses. However, less is known about this relationship in wild equids.

Experiment Setup and Methods

  • The researchers hacked this link by studying the effects of an environmental stressor – a social group restructuring following a translocation event – on EHV reactivation in captive Grévy’s zebras.
  • A female zebra was relocated from Zoo Mulhouse in France to Tierpark Berlin in Germany to join a group of three mares.
  • Researchers monitored the frequency of EHV shedding (active virus presence in bodily secretions) for 14 days after the translocation – the ‘experimental period’ – and compared it with two control periods, one before and one after the translocation.
  • Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) concentrations, serving as an indicator of stress level, were additionally measured daily from 6 days before to 14 days after the translocation.

Results and Conclusions

  • Results showed significantly higher EHV shedding frequencies during the experimental human impact period, compared to two control periods.
  • All zebras demonstrated significantly increased fGCM concentrations, indicating increased stress levels.
  • There was a significant association between increased fGCM concentration and increased likelihood of EHV shedding, suggesting a link between stress and viral reactivation.
  • Despite the limited number of animals in the study, the results generally support the hypothesis that environmental stressors induce viral reactivation in wild equids.

Implications for Management of Zoological Collections

  • The study’s results suggest the need for zoological collection managers to consider potential stressors like group restructuring and translocation to minimize the risk of fatal EHV infections in other animals.
  • Environmental stressors’ role in EHV reactivation in wild equid populations could also have significant implications for population management in the wild.

Cite This Article

APA
Seeber PA, Quintard B, Sicks F, Dehnhard M, Greenwood AD, Franz M. (2018). Environmental stressors may cause equine herpesvirus reactivation in captive Grévy’s zebras (Equus grevyi). PeerJ, 6, e5422. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5422

Publication

PeerJ
ISSN: 2167-8359
NlmUniqueID: 101603425
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 6
Pages: e5422
PII: e5422

Researcher Affiliations

Seeber, Peter A
  • Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.
Quintard, Benoît
  • Parc Zoologique & Botanique de Mulhouse, Mulhouse, France.
Sicks, Florian
  • Tierpark Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Dehnhard, Martin
  • Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.
Greenwood, Alex D
  • Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Franz, Mathias
  • Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare there are no competing interests.

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