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The Journal of infectious diseases1997; 175(4); 828-832; doi: 10.1086/513978

Epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in La Guajira, Colombia, 1995.

Abstract: In 1995, the first Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) outbreak in Colombia in 22 years caused an estimated 75,000 human cases, 3000 with neurologic complications and 300 fatal, in La Guajira State. Of the state's estimated 50,000 equines, 8% may have died. An epizootic IC virus, probably introduced from Venezuela, was rapidly amplified among unvaccinated equines. Record high rainfall, producing high densities of vector Aedes taeniorhynchus, led to extensive epidemic transmission (30% attack rate) in the four affected municipalities. Native Wayuu Indians, constituting 24% of the state's population, were at increased risk of infection (risk ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-5.3). Epidemiologic studies found no evidence of human-to-human transmission. A higher-than-expected number of abortions during the outbreak confirmed a previously suspected abortifacient role of VEE infection. Pesticide applications and a mass equine vaccination program contributed to preventing the outbreak's spread south of La Guajira.
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Publication Date: 1997-04-01 PubMed ID: 9086137DOI: 10.1086/513978Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses an outbreak of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis in Colombia in 1995, which affected both humans and equines, particularly impacting the native Wayuu Indians. The outbreak was most likely caused by a virus introduced from Venezuela and rapid rainfall, resulting in a high vector density.

Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Outbreak in Colombia

In 1995, La Guajira State in Colombia suffered its first Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) outbreak in over two decades. The impact was significant, with:

  • Approximately 75,000 human cases reported, 3,000 of which suffered from neurological complications and around 300 resulted in fatalities.
  • An estimated 8% of the state’s equine population of about 50,000 may have perished due to the virus.

Cause of the Outbreak

The research explores the causes of the VEE outbreak:

  • The source of the epizootic IC virus, which triggered the outbreak, was likely introduction from Venezuela.
  • The virus was quickly amplified among unvaccinated equines in the region.
  • The outbreak coincided with a year of record-breaking rainfall, leading to high densities of the mosquito species Aedes taeniorhynchus, which is a known transmitter of the VEE virus.

Impact on Indigenous Population and Lack of Human to Human Transmission

The study found that the Native Wayuu Indians, who made up nearly a quarter of the state’s population, were particularly vulnerable to the VEE virus infection. Despite this, epidemiological studies found no evidence to suggest that the disease could be transmitted from one human to another.

Abortifacient Role of VEE and Prevention Measures

During the outbreak, researchers noticed an unusually high number of abortions, supporting the long-held suspicion about the VEE infection playing a role in inducing abortions. To curb the spread of the virus, interventions implemented included pesticide applications and a mass equine vaccination program. These measures effectively minimized the southward spread of the outbreak.

Cite This Article

APA
Rivas F, Diaz LA, Cardenas VM, Daza E, Bruzon L, Alcala A, De la Hoz O, Caceres FM, Aristizabal G, Martinez JW, Revelo D, De la Hoz F, Boshell J, Camacho T, Calderon L, Olano VA, Villarreal LI, Roselli D, Alvarez G, Ludwig G, Tsai T. (1997). Epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in La Guajira, Colombia, 1995. J Infect Dis, 175(4), 828-832. https://doi.org/10.1086/513978

Publication

The Journal of infectious diseases
ISSN: 0022-1899
NlmUniqueID: 0413675
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 175
Issue: 4
Pages: 828-832

Researcher Affiliations

Rivas, F
  • Colombian Field Epidemiology Training Program, Bogota.
Diaz, L A
    Cardenas, V M
      Daza, E
        Bruzon, L
          Alcala, A
            De la Hoz, O
              Caceres, F M
                Aristizabal, G
                  Martinez, J W
                    Revelo, D
                      De la Hoz, F
                        Boshell, J
                          Camacho, T
                            Calderon, L
                              Olano, V A
                                Villarreal, L I
                                  Roselli, D
                                    Alvarez, G
                                      Ludwig, G
                                        Tsai, T

                                          MeSH Terms

                                          • Adult
                                          • Animals
                                          • Child
                                          • Colombia / epidemiology
                                          • Disease Outbreaks
                                          • Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / epidemiology
                                          • Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / prevention & control
                                          • Female
                                          • Humans
                                          • Male
                                          • Middle Aged

                                          Citations

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