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Communications biology2021; 4(1); 1412; doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02935-z

Epigenetic models developed for plains zebras predict age in domestic horses and endangered equids.

Abstract: Effective conservation and management of threatened wildlife populations require an accurate assessment of age structure to estimate demographic trends and population viability. Epigenetic aging models are promising developments because they estimate individual age with high accuracy, accurately predict age in related species, and do not require invasive sampling or intensive long-term studies. Using blood and biopsy samples from known age plains zebras (Equus quagga), we model epigenetic aging using two approaches: the epigenetic clock (EC) and the epigenetic pacemaker (EPM). The plains zebra EC has the potential for broad application within the genus Equus given that five of the seven extant wild species of the genus are threatened. We test the EC's ability to predict age in sister taxa, including two endangered species and the more distantly related domestic horse, demonstrating high accuracy in all cases. By comparing chronological and estimated age in plains zebras, we investigate age acceleration as a proxy of health status. An interaction between chronological age and inbreeding is associated with age acceleration estimated by the EPM, suggesting a cumulative effect of inbreeding on biological aging throughout life.
© 2021. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2021-12-17 PubMed ID: 34921240PubMed Central: PMC8683477DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02935-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research developed new models, using plains zebras, for accurately predicting the age of domestic horses and endangered equid species. The models were based on the zebra’s epigenetic alterations associated with age, presenting new implications for the conservation of threatened wildlife populations.

Objective of the study

  • The main aim of the research was to help improve conservation and management strategies for threatened equine species. To achieve this, the researchers worked to develop accurate ways of estimating the age of these animals. As age structure influences the demographics and overall survival of a species, having precise age estimations can greatly aid in understanding and predicting population trends and viability.

Methods of the research

  • The researchers collected blood and biopsy samples from known-age plains zebras.
  • They developed two epigenetic aging models known as the epigenetic clock (EC) and the epigenetic pacemaker (EPM). These models use certain epigenetic alterations, which are changes in gene expression that occur with age, to estimate the age of an individual.

Findings of the study

  • The researchers showed that their equine epigenetic clock was broadly applicable within the genus Equus, which includes domestic horses and endangered equid species.
  • When testing the model’s ability to predict the age of two endangered equid species and the domestic horse, they found that it was highly accurate in all cases.
  • Age acceleration, which can function as an indicator of health status in animals, was also investigated. The researchers found that inbreeding was associated with age acceleration as estimated by their epigenetic pacemaker. This suggested that inbreeding could have a cumulative effect on the biological aging process.

Implications of the research

  • This study’s findings provide an innovative and effective method for estimating the age of equid species. This information could prove instrumental in improving the conservation and management of endangered species within the genus Equus.
  • The association of inbreeding with age acceleration could also be significant, suggesting that inbreeding may negatively affect the health and lifespan of these animals. This insight could influence breeding policies in efforts to conserve threatened equid species.

Cite This Article

APA
Larison B, Pinho GM, Haghani A, Zoller JA, Li CZ, Finno CJ, Farrell C, Kaelin CB, Barsh GS, Wooding B, Robeck TR, Maddox D, Pellegrini M, Horvath S. (2021). Epigenetic models developed for plains zebras predict age in domestic horses and endangered equids. Commun Biol, 4(1), 1412. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02935-z

Publication

Communications biology
ISSN: 2399-3642
NlmUniqueID: 101719179
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Pages: 1412
PII: 1412

Researcher Affiliations

Larison, Brenda
  • Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. blarison@ucla.edu.
  • Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. blarison@ucla.edu.
Pinho, Gabriela M
  • Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Haghani, Amin
  • Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Zoller, Joseph A
  • Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Li, Caesar Z
  • Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Finno, Carrie J
  • Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Farrell, Colin
  • Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Kaelin, Christopher B
  • HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA.
  • Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Barsh, Gregory S
  • HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA.
  • Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Wooding, Bernard
  • Quagga Project, Elandsberg Farms, Hermon, 7308, South Africa.
Robeck, Todd R
  • Zoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, 7007 SeaWorld Drive, Orlando, FL, USA.
Maddox, Dewey
  • White Oak Conservation, 581705 White Oak Road, Yulee, FL, 32097, USA.
Pellegrini, Matteo
  • Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Horvath, Steve
  • Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. shorvath@mednet.ucla.edu.
  • Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. shorvath@mednet.ucla.edu.
  • Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA. shorvath@mednet.ucla.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Age Distribution
  • Animals
  • Endangered Species
  • Epigenesis, Genetic
  • Epigenomics
  • Equidae / genetics
  • Equidae / physiology
  • Horses / physiology
  • Models, Genetic
  • Population Dynamics
  • Species Specificity

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare the following competing interests: S.H. is a founder of the non-profit Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation which plans to license several patents from his employer UC Regents. These patents list S.H. as inventor. The other authors declare no competing interests.

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Citations

This article has been cited 18 times.
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