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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / Equine alveolar macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages...
PloS one2023; 18(3); e0282738; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282738

Equine alveolar macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages respond differently to an inflammatory stimulus.

Abstract: Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the predominant innate immune cell in the distal respiratory tract. During inflammatory responses, AMs may be supplemented by blood monocytes, which differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Macrophages play important roles in a variety of common equine lower airway diseases, including severe equine asthma (SEA). In an experimental model, an inhaled mixture of Aspergillus fumigatus spores, lipopolysaccharide, and silica microspheres (FLS), induced SEA exacerbation in susceptible horses. However, whether equine AMs and MDMs have differing immunophenotypes and cytokine responses to FLS stimulation is unknown. To address these questions, alveolar macrophages/monocytes (AMMs) were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and MDMs derived from blood of six healthy horses. Separately, AMMs and MDMs were cultured with and without FLS for six hours after which cell surface marker expression and cytokine production were analyzed by flow cytometry and a bead-based multiplex assay, respectively. Results showed that regardless of exposure conditions, AMMs had significantly higher surface expression of CD163 and CD206 than MDMs. Incubation with FLS induced secretion of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and IFN-γ in AMMs, and IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α in MDMs. These results suggest that AMMs have a greater proinflammatory response to in vitro FLS stimulation than MDMs, inferring differing roles in equine lung inflammation. Variability in recruitment and function of monocyte-macrophage populations warrant more detailed in vivo investigation in both homeostatic and diseased states.
Copyright: © 2023 Kang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Publication Date: 2023-03-15 PubMed ID: 36920969PubMed Central: PMC10016717DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282738Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The abstract describes a study that investigates the different responses of equine alveolar macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages to inflammatory stimulus. The findings reveal that the two types of macrophages play different roles in equine lung inflammation.

Objective of the study

  • The main goal of this research was to understand how equine alveolar macrophages (AMs) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) respond to inflammatory triggers. The researchers wanted to determine whether and how these two types of cells differ in their responses to inflammation, particularly in the context of severe equine asthma (SEA).

Methodology of the study

  • The researchers isolated alveolar macrophages/monocytes (AMMs) from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and derived MDMs from the blood of six healthy horses.
  • The cells were then cultured both with and without an inhaled mixture of an inflammatory trigger, termed as FLS, which included Aspergillus fumigatus spores, lipopolysaccharide, and silica microspheres. These compounds were used as they are known to induce SEA exacerbation in susceptible horses.
  • After six hours of incubation, the researchers studied the cells’ surface marker expression and cytokine production using flow cytometry and a bead-based multiplex assay, respectively.

Findings of the study

  • The results revealed significant differences between AMMs and MDMs. Even without any exposure to the FLS, AMMs had higher surface expression of the markers CD163 and CD206 compared to MDMs.
  • Upon exposure to the FLS, both AMMs and MDMs produced various cytokines, but in different amounts. AMMs substantially produced IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and IFN-γ, indicating a higher proinflammatory response. MDMs, on the other hand, produced IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α.

Implications of the study

  • The findings suggest that AMMs and MDMs may have different roles in equine lung inflammation, given their distinct responses to FLS stimulation.
  • Furthermore, the variations in the recruitment and functions of these macrophage populations in response to inflammation suggest that a more detailed in vivo investigation is required. Such studies could help better understand the roles of these cell types both in keeping the physiological balance and in responses to diseases.

Cite This Article

APA
Kang H, Lee GKC, Bienzle D, Arroyo LG, Sears W, Lillie BN, Beeler-Marfisi J. (2023). Equine alveolar macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages respond differently to an inflammatory stimulus. PLoS One, 18(3), e0282738. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282738

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Pages: e0282738
PII: e0282738

Researcher Affiliations

Kang, Heng
  • Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Lee, Gary Kwok Cheong
  • Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
  • IDEXX Laboratories Pty. Ltd., Rydalmere, New South Wales, Australia.
Bienzle, Dorothee
  • Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Arroyo, Luis G
  • Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Sears, William
  • Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Lillie, Brandon N
  • Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Beeler-Marfisi, Janet
  • Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Macrophages, Alveolar / metabolism
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
  • Interleukin-8 / metabolism
  • Macrophages / metabolism
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Cells, Cultured

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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