Equine clinical genomics: A clinician’s primer.
Abstract: The objective of this review is to introduce equine clinicians to the rapidly evolving field of clinical genomics with a vision of improving the health and welfare of the domestic horse. For 15 years a consortium of veterinary geneticists and clinicians has worked together under the umbrella of The Horse Genome Project. This group, encompassing 22 laboratories in 12 countries, has made rapid progress, developing several iterations of linkage, physical and comparative gene maps of the horse with increasing levels of detail. In early 2006, the research was greatly facilitated when the US National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health added the horse to the list of mammalian species scheduled for whole genome sequencing. The genome of the domestic horse has now been sequenced and is available to researchers worldwide in publicly accessible databases. This achievement creates the potential for transformative change within the horse industry, particularly in the fields of internal medicine, sports medicine and reproduction. The genome sequence has enabled the development of new genome-wide tools and resources for studying inherited diseases of the horse. To date, researchers have identified 11 mutations causing 10 clinical syndromes in the horse. Testing is commercially available for all but one of these diseases. Future research will probably identify the genetic bases for other equine diseases, produce new diagnostic tests and generate novel therapeutics for some of these conditions. This will enable equine clinicians to play a critical role in ensuring the thoughtful and appropriate application of this knowledge as they assist clients with breeding and clinical decision-making.
© 2010 EVJ Ltd.
Publication Date: 2010-09-16 PubMed ID: 20840582PubMed Central: PMC3297474DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00166.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- N.I.H.
- Extramural
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Review
- Clinical Examination
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Signs
- Clinical Study
- Diagnosis
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Management
- Disease Prevention
- Disease Treatment
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Genetics
- Genomics
- Reproduction
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Practice
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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This research article presents a review about the ongoing progress and potential benefits of applying clinical genomics to the field of equine medicine. It highlights recent advancements brought by The Horse Genome Project – a consortium dedicated to studying the genetic make-up of horses in order to improve their health and welfare.
The Horse Genome Project
- The Horse Genome Project is a collaborative initiative of veterinary geneticists and clinicians across 22 laboratories in 12 countries around the world.
- Within the span of 15 years, this group has made significant progress, developing detailed linkage, physical, and comparative genetic maps of horses.
Genomic Breakthrough
- Breakthrough came in 2006 when the US National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health added the horse to the list of mammalian species scheduled for whole genome sequencing. As a result, the genome (or genetic makeup) of domestic horses is now fully sequenced and publicly accessible.
- The achievement of sequencing the horse genome opens up vast potential for transformative changes in the horse industry, particularly in the realms of internal/sports medicine and reproduction.
Impacts on Equine Clinical Practice
- The sequencing of the horse genome has facilitated the development of new genome-wide tools and resources, enabling researchers to more effectively study inherited diseases in horses.
- Researchers have thus far identified 11 mutations causing 10 clinical syndromes in horses, with commercial testing now available for almost all of these diseases.
- Expectations from future research include identifying the genetic bases for other equine diseases, producing new diagnostic tests, and even generating novel treatments for some of these conditions.
- As clinical genomics advances, equine clinicians have an increasingly important role in assisting clientele with breeding and clinical decisions, guiding the practical application of this burgeoning knowledge base.
Overall, the incorporation of clinical genomics to equine practices promises groundbreaking changes in disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment methodologies, thereby enhancing overall horse health and welfare.
Cite This Article
APA
Brosnahan MM, Brooks SA, Antczak DF.
(2010).
Equine clinical genomics: A clinician’s primer.
Equine Vet J, 42(7), 658-670.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00166.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Genetic Testing
- Genomics / methods
- Horse Diseases / genetics
- Horses / genetics
- Research
Grant Funding
- R01 HD049545-05 / NICHD NIH HHS
- T32 RR007059 / NCRR NIH HHS
- T32-RR007059 / NCRR NIH HHS
- R01 HD049545 / NICHD NIH HHS
- K08 HD065914 / NICHD NIH HHS
- R01- HD049545 / NICHD NIH HHS
References
This article includes 155 references
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Holmes TQ, Brown AF. Champing at the Bit for Improvements: A Review of Equine Welfare in Equestrian Sports in the United Kingdom.. Animals (Basel) 2022 May 5;12(9).
- Cosgrove EJ, Sadeghi R, Schlamp F, Holl HM, Moradi-Shahrbabak M, Miraei-Ashtiani SR, Abdalla S, Shykind B, Troedsson M, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Prabhu A, Bucca S, Bugno-Poniewierska M, Wallner B, Malek J, Miller DC, Clark AG, Antczak DF, Brooks SA. Genome Diversity and the Origin of the Arabian Horse.. Sci Rep 2020 Jun 16;10(1):9702.
- Pinzon-Arteaga C, Snyder MD, Lazzarotto CR, Moreno NF, Juras R, Raudsepp T, Golding MC, Varner DD, Long CR. Efficient correction of a deleterious point mutation in primary horse fibroblasts with CRISPR-Cas9.. Sci Rep 2020 May 4;10(1):7411.
- Raudsepp T, Finno CJ, Bellone RR, Petersen JL. Ten years of the horse reference genome: insights into equine biology, domestication and population dynamics in the post-genome era.. Anim Genet 2019 Dec;50(6):569-597.
- McQueen CM, Doan R, Dindot SV, Bourquin JR, Zlatev ZZ, Chaffin MK, Blodgett GP, Ivanov I, Cohen ND. Identification of genomic loci associated with Rhodococcus equi susceptibility in foals.. PLoS One 2014;9(6):e98710.
- Finno CJ, Bannasch DL. Applied equine genetics.. Equine Vet J 2014 Sep;46(5):538-44.
- Signer-Hasler H, Neuditschko M, Koch C, Froidevaux S, Flury C, Burger D, Leeb T, Rieder S. A chromosomal region on ECA13 is associated with maxillary prognathism in horses.. PLoS One 2014;9(1):e86607.
- Signer-Hasler H, Flury C, Haase B, Burger D, Simianer H, Leeb T, Rieder S. A genome-wide association study reveals loci influencing height and other conformation traits in horses.. PLoS One 2012;7(5):e37282.
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