Equine grass sickness.

The research discusses Equine grass sickness (EGS), a disease affecting the nervous systems of horses which primarily influences those that graze. The specific cause remains unclear despite significant research, however, clinical signs suggest it involves neuronal breakdown in the autonomic and enteric nervous systems. The article reviews various aspects of EGS including its epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and theories about its origins.

Epidemiology of Equine Grass Sickness

• In this section, the researchers discuss the occurrence of EGS, its distribution, and the factors affecting its prevalence. The disease is common among grazing horses, suggesting the involvement of environmental factors.

Pathology of Equine Grass Sickness

• This part explains the disease’s physical attributes and effects, especially concerning neuronal degeneration. EGS affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems of horses, resulting in intestinal dysmotility — an abnormality in the movement of food through the intestines.
• The extent of this degeneration determines the severity of the disease. Acute and subacute forms of EGS, characterized by extensive neuronal degeneration, are often fatal. On the other hand, chronic EGS, which involves less severe neuronal degeneration, is survivable.

Diagnosis of Equine Grass Sickness

• The research examines different diagnostic techniques for EGS based on its clinical signs. These signs primarily result from damage to the autonomic and enteric nervous systems.

Treatment of Equine Grass Sickness

• This section evaluates possible treatments for EGS. Treatment options would likely depend on the severity of the disease, with more extensive cases potentially requiring more aggressive interventions.

Aetiological Hypotheses of Equine Grass Sickness

• In this part, the researchers discuss possible causes of EGS. Despite substantial research, the exact cause remains unclear. The authors review various theories that have been proposed over the years, focusing on potential environmental, genetic, and situational factors.