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Veterinary research2004; 35(4); 485-512; doi: 10.1051/vetres:2004020

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV): what has HIV’s country cousin got to tell us?

Abstract: Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) is a lentivirus, of the Retrovirus family, with an almost worldwide distribution, infecting equids. It causes a persistent infection characterized by recurring febrile episodes associating viremia, fever, thrombocytopenia, and wasting symptoms. The disease is experimentally reproducible by inoculation of Shetland ponies or horses with EIAV pathogenic strains. Among lentiviruses, EIAV is unique in that, despite a rapid virus replication and antigenic variation, most animals progress from a chronic stage characterized by recurring peaks of viremia and fever to an asymptomatic stage of infection. The inapparent carriers remain infective for life, as demonstrated by experimental transfer of blood to naive animals. The understanding of the correlates of this immune control is of great interest in defining vaccine strategies. Research on EIAV, this "country cousin" of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), over the last five decades has produced some interesting results on natural immunological control of lentivirus replication and disease and on the nature and role of virus variation in persistence and pathogenesis. These studies are of interest in the context of HIV and efforts to develop a vaccine. This review will focus on some of the most recent results.
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Publication Date: 2004-07-09 PubMed ID: 15236678DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2004020Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article delves into the role and characteristics of the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), a lentivirus that infects equids or horse-like animals worldwide. This study elucidates the virus’s unique behavior and its potential relevance to HIV research.

Background

  • EIAV is part of the Retrovirus family like HIV, but it specifically infects equids, such as horses and ponies.
  • Also akin to HIV, EIAV can result in a prolonged infection that cycles through phases of virus activity, fever, thrombocytopenia (a deficiency of platelets in the blood) and weight-loss symptoms.
  • The disease can be experimentally reproduced in Shetland ponies or horses by using pathogenic strains of EIAV.

Unique Characteristics of EIAV

  • Despite rapid virus replication and variation in antigen (a toxin or foreign substance that induces an immune response), most infected animals transition from a chronic stage featuring repeated viremia and fever to an asymptomatic stage.
  • The said asymptomatic stage does not mean the animal is free from infection. The infected carriers can remain infectious for life, which can be proven by transferring blood to uninfected animals.

Significance of the Study

  • The understanding of how an animal’s immune system can control EIAV despite the virus’s aggressive replication and antigenic variability is incredibly beneficial for vaccine strategies.
  • Over the last five decades, research on EIAV, referred to as the “country cousin” of HIV, has provided valuable insights into natural immunological control of lentivirus replication and disease, and the role of virus variation in persistence and pathology.
  • EIAV studies are an area of interest because of their potential relevance in HIV research and vaccine development. This review will shed light on the most recent findings in this context.

Cite This Article

APA
Leroux C, Cadoré JL, Montelaro RC. (2004). Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV): what has HIV’s country cousin got to tell us? Vet Res, 35(4), 485-512. https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2004020

Publication

Veterinary research
ISSN: 0928-4249
NlmUniqueID: 9309551
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 35
Issue: 4
Pages: 485-512

Researcher Affiliations

Leroux, Caroline
  • UMR754 INRA-UCBL-ENVL Rétrovirus et Pathologie Comparée, IFR128, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 50 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France. caroline.leroux@univ-lyon1.fr
Cadoré, Jean-Luc
    Montelaro, Ronald C

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
      • Equine Infectious Anemia / prevention & control
      • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
      • Horses
      • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
      • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / pathogenicity
      • Phylogeny
      • Viral Vaccines

      Citations

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