Equine influenza vaccine containing older H3N8 strains offers protection against A/eq/South Africa/4/03 (H3N8) strain in a short-term vaccine efficacy study.
Abstract: Surveillance of equine influenza viruses has suggested that strains included in currently licensed vaccines are a poor match for those predominantly circulating in the field. Objective: To assess the ability of Duvaxyn IE-T Plus to provide cross protection against the newly evolved South Africa/4/03 (H3N8) strain of equine influenza virus. Methods: The vaccine efficacy was evaluated by challenge infection with influenza strain A/eq/South Africa/4/03 (H3N8) 2 weeks after a primary course of 2 vaccinations with Duvaxyn IE-T Plus given at a 4-week interval. The outcome of challenge in vaccinated ponies was compared with that in unvaccinated animals. Results: At the time of challenge, all vaccinated ponies had high levels of antibody to Newmarket/1/93, Newmarket/2/93 and South Africa/4/03 strains measured by single radial haemolysis. After challenge infection, there were statistically significantly decreased clinical scores and virus shedding was significantly lower in the vaccinated ponies compared to unvaccinated controls. Conclusions: Two doses of Duvaxyn IE-T Plus provides good clinical and virological protection against challenge with a variant virus 2 weeks after the 2 doses of vaccine. Conclusions: When variant strains of equine influenza virus first emerge, booster immunisations with currently available vaccines may limit infection provided sufficiently high antibody levels are achieved, suggesting that vaccination in the face of an outbreak may be beneficial.
Publication Date: 2007-10-04 PubMed ID: 17910270DOI: 10.2746/042516407x180327Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
Summary
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The abstract discusses a study testing the effectiveness of the Duvaxyn IE-T Plus horse flu vaccine, specifically against a recent variant of the flu virus. The results show that the current vaccine provides an effective defense against this variant, significantly reducing both symptoms and the spread of the virus, despite this strain not being an exact match with those in the vaccine.
Objective
The aim of the study is to evaluate if the Duvaxyn IE-T Plus equine influenza vaccine provides cross protection against the newly emerged South Africa/4/03 (H3N8) virus strain.
Methods
- The scientists assessed the effectiveness of the vaccine by challenging the horses with the South Africa/4/03 (H3N8) flu strain two weeks after vaccinating them twice with Duvaxyn IE-T Plus on a four-week interval.
- The researchers compared the outcomes of the vaccinated horses to those that weren’t vaccinated.
Results
- At the point of challenging the horses with the virus, all the vaccinated horses had high levels of antibodies against the Newmarket/1/93, Newmarket/2/93, and South Africa/4/03 strains as measured by single radial haemolysis.
- The vaccinated horses showed significantly lower symptoms and spread of the virus compared to the unvaccinated ones.
Conclusions
- This study shows that two doses of the Duvaxyn IE-T Plus vaccine affords good clinical and virological protection against a variant virus as soon as two weeks after the second dose.
- The study’s results suggest that despite the virus strain not being a direct match for those in the current vaccines, boosters using current vaccines may limit infection so long as sufficiently high antibody levels are achieved.
- Therefore, vaccination during an outbreak could be beneficial.
Cite This Article
APA
Daly JM, Sindle T, Tearle J, Barquero N, Newton JR, Corning S.
(2007).
Equine influenza vaccine containing older H3N8 strains offers protection against A/eq/South Africa/4/03 (H3N8) strain in a short-term vaccine efficacy study.
Equine Vet J, 39(5), 446-450.
https://doi.org/10.2746/042516407x180327 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Disease Outbreaks / prevention & control
- Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Immunization, Secondary / veterinary
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
- Influenza Vaccines / immunology
- Male
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Time Factors
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Pellegrini F, Buonavoglia A, Omar AH, Diakoudi G, Lucente MS, Odigie AE, Sposato A, Augelli R, Camero M, Decaro N, Elia G, Bányai K, Martella V, Lanave G. A Cold Case of Equine Influenza Disentangled with Nanopore Sequencing.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Mar 24;13(7).
- El-Hage C, Hartley C, Savage C, Watson J, Gilkerson J, Paillot R. Assessment of Humoral and Long-Term Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to Recombinant Canarypox-Vectored Equine Influenza Virus Vaccination in Horses Using Conventional and Accelerated Regimens Respectively.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 May 26;10(6).
- Cullinane A, Gahan J, Walsh C, Nemoto M, Entenfellner J, Olguin-Perglione C, Garvey M, Huang Fu TQ, Venner M, Yamanaka T, Barrandeguy M, Fernandez CJ. Evaluation of Current Equine Influenza Vaccination Protocols Prior to Shipment, Guided by OIE Standards.. Vaccines (Basel) 2020 Feb 29;8(1).
- Paillot R, Garrett D, Lopez-Alvarez MR, Birand I, Montesso F, Horspool L. The Immunity Gap Challenge: Protection against a Recent Florida Clade 2 Equine Influenza Strain.. Vaccines (Basel) 2018 Jul 2;6(3).
- Paillot R. A Systematic Review of Recent Advances in Equine Influenza Vaccination.. Vaccines (Basel) 2014 Nov 14;2(4):797-831.
- Galvin P, Gildea S, Arkins S, Walsh C, Cullinane A. The evaluation of a nucleoprotein ELISA for the detection of equine influenza antibodies and the differentiation of infected from vaccinated horses (DIVA).. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013 Dec;7 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):73-80.
- Ault A, Zajac AM, Kong WP, Gorres JP, Royals M, Wei CJ, Bao S, Yang ZY, Reedy SE, Sturgill TL, Page AE, Donofrio-Newman J, Adams AA, Balasuriya UB, Horohov DW, Chambers TM, Nabel GJ, Rao SS. Immunogenicity and clinical protection against equine influenza by DNA vaccination of ponies.. Vaccine 2012 Jun 6;30(26):3965-74.
- Lewis NS, Daly JM, Russell CA, Horton DL, Skepner E, Bryant NA, Burke DF, Rash AS, Wood JL, Chambers TM, Fouchier RA, Mumford JA, Elton DM, Smith DJ. Antigenic and genetic evolution of equine influenza A (H3N8) virus from 1968 to 2007.. J Virol 2011 Dec;85(23):12742-9.
- Bryant NA, Paillot R, Rash AS, Medcalf E, Montesso F, Ross J, Watson J, Jeggo M, Lewis NS, Newton JR, Elton DM. Comparison of two modern vaccines and previous influenza infection against challenge with an equine influenza virus from the Australian 2007 outbreak.. Vet Res 2010 Mar-Apr;41(2):19.
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