Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis: Investigating individual incisor disease patterns using radiological classification.
Abstract: Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) is a destructive, painful and underdiagnosed dental disorder. Radiography is necessary to fully assess the disease as early stages occur on clinically normal teeth. Objective: To investigate the distribution pattern of appearance of EOTRH within the incisor arcade. In particular, we aimed to determine the influence of tooth position and horse age on the severity of EOTRH as well as on the frequency of the individual severity stages. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional radiographic case study. Methods: Digital radiographs of 142 horses (10 years and older) presented for routine dental examination at our Equine Hospital were obtained and evaluated for changes related to EOTRH. Radiological findings were classified in terms of EOTRH severity, and each tooth was evaluated individually (tooth stage). Results: The tooth stages of EOTRH showed a bilateral symmetrical distribution pattern over the entire incisor arcade. There was a significant positive correlation between age and tooth stages (p < 0.001, rho = 0.48, 95% CI 0.43-0.51), and the frequency of higher tooth stages increased from central incisors to middle and corner incisors. Conclusions: Individual head anatomy in some male horses lead to superimposition of the lower jaw corner incisors and canine teeth. The radiographic technique proved difficult in smaller and uncooperative horses. Differentiating between mild pathological signs of EOTRH and age-related radiological changes was not possible in all cases. Conclusions: These results reconfirm an age-correlated progression of EOTRH. EOTRH affects the incisor arcade in a bilaterally symmetrical pattern with the corner incisors being the most severely affected. Unassigned: Odontoklastische Zahnresorption und Hyperzementose bei Pferden (EOTRH) ist eine destruktive, schmerzhafte und unterdiagnostizierte Zahnerkrankung. Zur vollständigen Beurteilung der Krankheit ist eine Röntgenuntersuchung erforderlich, da frühe Stadien bereits an klinisch normalen Zähnen auftreten. Unassigned: Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, das Verteilungsmuster des Auftretens von EOTRH innerhalb der Schneidezahnarkade zu untersuchen. Insbesondere wollten wir den Einfluss der Zahnposition und des Pferdealters auf den Schweregrad von EOTRH, sowie auf die Häufigkeit der individellen Schweregrade bestimmen. Methods: Retrospektive radiologische Querschnittsstudie. Methods: Von 142 Pferden (10 Jahre und älter), die in unserer Pferdeklinik zur Routineuntersuchung vorgestellt wurden, wurden digitale Röntgenbilder angefertigt und auf Veränderungen im Zusammenhang mit EOTRH ausgewertet. Die radiologischen Befunde wurden nach dem Schweregrad der EOTRH klassifiziert, wobei jeder Zahn einzeln bewertet wurde (Zahnstadium). Unassigned: Die Zahnstadien von EOTRH zeigten ein bilateral-symmetrisches Verteilungsmuster über die gesamte Schneidezahnarkade. Es bestand eine signifikante positive Korrelation zwischen dem Alter und den Zahnstadien (p < 0,001, rho = 0,48, 95% CI 0.43-0.51), und die Häufigkeit höherer Zahnstadien nahm von den zentralen Schneidezähnen zu den mittleren und Eckschneidezähnen zu. Unassigned: Die individuelle Kopfanatomie mancher männlichen Pferde führte zu einer Überlagerung der Unterkiefer-Eckschneidezähne und der Hängstzähne. Die Röntgentechnik erwies sich bei kleineren und unkooperativen Pferden als schwierig. Die Unterscheidung zwischen leichten pathologischen Anzeichen von EOTRH und altersbedingten radiologischen Veränderungen war nicht in allen Fällen möglich. Unassigned: Die Ergebnisse unserer Studie bestätigen eine alterskorrelierte Verschlechterung von EOTRH. Darüber hinaus beeinträchtigt EOTRH die Schneidezahnarkade in einem bilateral-symmetrischen Muster, wobei die Eckschneidezähne am stärksten betroffen sind.
© 2022 The Authors. Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
Publication Date: 2022-07-13 PubMed ID: 35575133DOI: 10.1111/evj.13591Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research sought to understand the patterns of Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH), a painful dental disorder in horses, focusing on how tooth position and age of the horses influence the severity and frequency of this disease.
Study Overview
- The study was a retrospective cross-sectional radiographic case study conducted on 142 horses aged 10 years and older at an Equine Hospital. The team used digital radiographs to evaluate the teeth of these horses, looking for changes associated with EOTRH.
- The radiological findings were categorized based on the severity of EOTRH, and each tooth was evaluated individually (referred to as tooth stage).
Results and Findings
- The study found that EOTRH showed a bilateral symmetrical distribution pattern across the whole incisor arcade.
- A significant positive correlation was noted between the age of horses and the stages of their teeth (p < 0.001, rho = 0.48, 95% CI 0.43-0.51). This revealed that higher tooth stages increased from central incisors to middle and corner incisors, meaning the disease tends to get worse with age and affect different teeth with different severity.
- Challenges were encountered during the study with the radiographic technique, especially with smaller and uncooperative horses. The layout of some male horses’ head anatomy led to superimposition of the lower jaw corner incisors and canine teeth, making assessment more complicated.
- In some cases, distinguishing between slight pathological signs of EOTRH and changes in the teeth related to age was difficult.
Conclusion and Implication
- The findings of the study confirmed a progression of EOTRH that is correlated with age.
- The result showed that EOTRH impacts the incisor arcade in a bilaterally symmetrical pattern, with the corner incisors being the most severely affected.
- This research provides valuable insight into the pattern of EOTRH, which can be crucial for early diagnosis and appropriate management.
Cite This Article
APA
Rehrl S, Schulte W, Staszyk C, Lischer C.
(2022).
Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis: Investigating individual incisor disease patterns using radiological classification.
Equine Vet J, 55(3), 419-425.
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13591 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Clinic: Surgery and Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Equine Clinic: Surgery and Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Tierärztliche Klinik für Pferde am Sorpesee, Sundern-Stemel, Germany.
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
- Equine Clinic: Surgery and Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
MeSH Terms
- Horses
- Animals
- Male
- Incisor / diagnostic imaging
- Hypercementosis / diagnostic imaging
- Hypercementosis / veterinary
- Retrospective Studies
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Radiography
- Tooth Resorption / diagnostic imaging
- Tooth Resorption / veterinary
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