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Viruses2022; 14(9); 2050; doi: 10.3390/v14092050

Equus caballus Papillomavirus Type-9 (EcPV9): First Detection in Asymptomatic Italian Horses.

Abstract: Papillomavirus (PV) infections may be related to anogenital lesions and cancer development in humans and several other animal species. To date, 11 different PVs have been reported in horses. Among them, a newly described PV named Papillomavirus Type9 (EcPV9) was thus far only reported in the semen of a stallion with penile lesions in Australia. This study reports for the first time the presence of EcPV9 in asymptomatic Italian horses. From July 2020 to January 2022, genital brush samples were collected from 209 horses with no apparent signs of neoplastic disease and no PV-associated lesions, clinically examined at the Didactic Veterinary University Hospital (OVUD) of Perugia and at the Veterinary University Hospital (OVU) of Turin. Brushes were submitted to real-time PCR targeting the EcPV9- region. The first amplification targeted a region of ~116 bp, followed by the amplification and sequencing of ~533 bp of the positive samples. EcPV9- DNA was found in eleven horses (5.3%), all female and mainly English Thoroughbred. Co-infection with EcPV2- was found in 7 out of the 11 EcPV9- positive horses (63.6%). This study contributes to the description of the prevalence of exposure or infection of EcPVs in the horse population in Italy, for which data are still limited. In this regard, here we provide a phylogenetic analysis and the completely reconstructed viral genomes of two Italian EcPV type 9 isolates, as well as four EcPV type 2 obtained from co-infected animals.
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Publication Date: 2022-09-15 PubMed ID: 36146856PubMed Central: PMC9504741DOI: 10.3390/v14092050Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research, for the first time, reported the presence of a particular papillomavirus (EcPV9) in horses that show no symptoms. The study was conducted in Italy and deepens our understanding of the prevalence and types of papillomavirus infections in the horse population.

Objective and Methodology

  • The goal of this research was to investigate the presence of the Equus caballus Papillomavirus Type-9 (EcPV9) in horses that show no signs of neoplastic disease. The study was stimulated by the fact that this strain of papillomavirus was only previously detected in the semen of a stallion with penile lesions in Australia.
  • The researchers collected genital brush samples from 209 horses between July 2020 and January 2022. All these horses showed no signs of any lesions or symptoms associated with papillomavirus infection.
  • The samples were taken from horses examined at the Didactic Veterinary University Hospital in Perugia and at the Veterinary University Hospital in Turin, both in Italy.

Papillomavirus Detection and Testing

  • The collected samples were tested using real-time PCR, a molecular biology technique that is often used to detect the presence of specific genetic material in any pathogen, including viruses. The focused region for this testing was EcPV9.
  • The PCR process involved two rounds of amplification: a first one that targeted a 116 bp region and a second that amplified and sequenced approximately 533 bp of the positive samples.

Results and Conclusion

  • EcPV9 DNA was detected in eleven out of the 209 tested horses (around 5.3% of the total). Interestingly, all the horses with detected EcPV9 were female and mainly of the English Thoroughbred breed.
  • The study also discovered that seven out of the eleven EcPV9-positive horses (roughly 63.6%) were co-infected with another type of papillomavirus, EcPV2.
  • These findings contribute significantly to the current understanding of EcPV prevalence in the Italian horse population and indicate that asymptomatic carriers of the virus may exist and lead to a potential unrecognized spread of the infection.
  • In addition to these facts, the research further provides a phylogenetic analysis and completely reconstructed the viral genomes of two Italian EcPV type 9 (as well as four EcPV type 2) isolates from co-infected animals.

Cite This Article

APA
De Paolis L, De Ciucis CG, Peletto S, Cappelli K, Mecocci S, Nervo T, Guardone L, Crescio MI, Pietrucci D, Fruscione F, Gabbianelli F, Turco S, Varello K, Donato GG, Maurella C, Modesto P, Maniaci MG, Chillemi G, Ghelardi A, Razzuoli E. (2022). Equus caballus Papillomavirus Type-9 (EcPV9): First Detection in Asymptomatic Italian Horses. Viruses, 14(9), 2050. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14092050

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 9
PII: 2050

Researcher Affiliations

De Paolis, Livia
  • National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 29/34, 16129 Genova, Italy.
De Ciucis, Chiara Grazia
  • National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 29/34, 16129 Genova, Italy.
Peletto, Simone
  • S.C. Diagnostica Specialistica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
Cappelli, Katia
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Mecocci, Samanta
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Nervo, Tiziana
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy.
Guardone, Lisa
  • National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 29/34, 16129 Genova, Italy.
Crescio, Maria Ines
  • S.C. Osservatorio Epidemiologico, S.S. Biostatistica, Epidemiologia e Analisi del Rischio, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
Pietrucci, Daniele
  • Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Fruscione, Floriana
  • National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 29/34, 16129 Genova, Italy.
Gabbianelli, Federica
  • Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Turco, Silvia
  • Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Varello, Katia
  • S.C. Diagnostica Specialistica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
Donato, Gian Guido
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy.
Maurella, Cristiana
  • S.C. Osservatorio Epidemiologico, S.S. Biostatistica, Epidemiologia e Analisi del Rischio, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
Modesto, Paola
  • S.C. Diagnostica Specialistica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
Maniaci, Maria Grazia
  • S.C. Diagnostica Specialistica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
Chillemi, Giovanni
  • Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Ghelardi, Alessandro
  • Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest UOC Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Nuovo Ospedale Apuane, Via Enrico Mattei 21, 54100 Massa, Italy.
Razzuoli, Elisabetta
  • National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 29/34, 16129 Genova, Italy.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Female
  • Genome, Viral
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / genetics
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Papillomaviridae
  • Papillomavirus Infections
  • Phylogeny

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Turco S, Gabbianelli F, Mavian CN, Pietrucci D, De Paolis L, Gialletti R, Mechelli L, De Ciucis CG, Cappelli K, Dell'Anno F, Mecocci S, Donato GG, Nervo T, Fruscione F, Crescio MI, Ghelardi A, Chillemi G, Razzuoli E. Genetic Characterization of a Novel Equus caballus Papillomavirus Isolated from a Thoroughbred Mare. Viruses 2023 Feb 28;15(3).
    doi: 10.3390/v15030650pubmed: 36992359google scholar: lookup
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