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Frontiers in veterinary science2022; 9; 818294; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.818294

ERAS Is Constitutively Expressed in the Tissues of Adult Horses and May Be a Key Player in Basal Autophagy.

Abstract: ERas is a new gene of the Ras family found in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells. Its human ortholog is not expressed in human ES cells. So far ERas gene has only been found to be expressed in the tissues of adult cynomolgus monkeys and cattle; however, information about ERAS expression or its potential functions in equine tissues is lacking. This study was performed to investigate whether Eras is an equine functional gene and whether ERAS is expressed in the tissues of adult horses and determine its potential physiological role. Expression of the ERas gene was detected in all examined adult tissues, and the RT-PCR assay revealed ERAS transcripts. Protein expression was also detected by Western blot analysis. Quantitative real time RT-qPCR analysis revealed that different expression levels of ERAS transcripts were most highly expressed in the testis. Immunohistochemically, ERAS was found to be localized prevalently in the plasmatic membrane as well as cytoplasm of the cells. ERAS was a physical partner of activated PDGFβR leading to the AKT signaling. ERAS was found to interact with a network of proteins (BAG3, CHIP, Hsc70/Hsp70, HspB8, Synpo2, and p62) known to play a role in the chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA), which is also known as BAG3-mediated selective macroautophagy, an adaptive mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis. Furthermore, ERAS was found to interact with parkin. PINK1, BNIP3, laforin. All these proteins are known to play a role in parkin-dependent and -independent mitophagy. This is the first study demonstrating that Eras is a functional gene, and that ERAS is constitutively expressed in the tissues of adult horses. ERAS appears to play a physiological role in cellular proteostasis maintenance, thus mitigating the proteotoxicity of accumulated misfolded proteins and contributing to protection against disease. Finally, it is conceivable that activation of AKT pathway by PDGFRs promotes actin reorganization, directed cell movements, stimulation of cell growth.
Publication Date: 2022-05-24 PubMed ID: 35685342PubMed Central: PMC9171053DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.818294Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

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The research article focuses on the study of the ERas gene, a member of the Ras family, in adult horses. It investigates the function of the ERas gene and its role in basal autophagy, a cellular process aimed at maintaining cell health.

Study Overview

  • The research aimed to establish whether Eras, a gene previously identified in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells but not expressed in human ES cells, is a functional gene in horses.
  • The study analyzed the ERas gene expression in various adult horse tissues through a series of tests involving RT-PCR assay for transcripts detection, Western blot analysis for protein expression, and RT-qPCR for transcript level quantification.

Expression and Localization of ERas

  • ERas gene expression was found in all sample tissues of adult horses, with the highest transcript levels detected in the testis.
  • Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of ERas at a protein level.
  • Upon immunohistochemical examination, ERas protein was found to be situated mainly in the plasmatic membrane and in the cytoplasm of the cells.

ERas Interaction and Function

  • ERas was discovered to physically interact with the activated PDGFβR triggering the AKT signaling pathway, which, in turn, promotes cell growth and movement by reorganizing actin, a skeletal protein of the cell.
  • Further, ERas was found to interact with a group of proteins (BAG3, CHIP, Hsc70/Hsp70, HspB8, Synpo2, and p62) that are engaged in a process called chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA), a key adaptive mechanism to maintain cell health.
  • Additionally, ERas was observed to interact with several proteins (parkin, PINK1, BNIP3, laforin) involved in parkin-dependent and parkin-independent mitophagy, cellular mechanisms responsible for dysfunctional mitochondria removal.

Conclusions

  • This research is the first to demonstrate that Eras is a functional gene in horses and that the ERas gene is constitutively expressed in the tissues of adult horses.
  • The involvement of ERas in CASA and mitophagy suggests a probable physiological role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by managing the accumulation of misfolded proteins, thus reducing the risk of disease.

Cite This Article

APA
(2022). ERAS Is Constitutively Expressed in the Tissues of Adult Horses and May Be a Key Player in Basal Autophagy. Front Vet Sci, 9, 818294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.818294

Publication

ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 818294
PII: 818294

Researcher Affiliations

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

References

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