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Home / Equine Research Bank / Dev Biol Stand / Establishing an acceptability threshold for equine influenza...
Developments in biological standardization1992; 79; 137-146;

Establishing an acceptability threshold for equine influenza vaccines.

Abstract: Shortcomings in the original methods (based on haemagglutination of erythrocytes) used to measure potency of equine influenza vaccines and antibody responses stimulated by vaccines, coupled with the lack of a reliable challenge system in the target species, has hindered progress in identifying the antigenic content required to provide protection. Reliable methods are now available for measuring the haemagglutinin (HA) content of vaccines and the antibody responses they elicit. The development of challenge systems in the target species has allowed antibody levels consistent with protection to be identified under experimental conditions. Comparison of vaccine performance under experimental conditions and in the field suggests that exposure to a nebulised virus aerosol provides a realistic challenge for the assessment of equine influenza vaccines.
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Publication Date: 1992-01-01 PubMed ID: 1286748
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on finding a reliable measurement for the potency of equine influenza vaccines and determining the necessary antibody levels for protection against the disease.

Understanding the Problem

  • The study underlines previously faced issues regarding the measurement of potency in equine influenza vaccines and the resulting antibody responses that these vaccines elicit.
  • These problems stemmed from the original methods involving the haemagglutination of erythrocytes, coupled with the absence of a credible challenge system in the target species.
  • The inability to accurately measure the protection offered by these vaccines has impeded progress in identifying the antigenic content required to provide protection against equine influenza.

Innovations in Vaccine Measurement

  • The research highlights new, trustworthy methods for determining the haemagglutinin (HA) content of vaccines and the corresponding antibody responses.
  • Haemagglutinin is a protein found on the virus’s surface that is responsible for binding the virus to the cell that is being infected. Hence, determining the HA content in a vaccine offers a significant gauge of potential efficacy.

Progress in Challenge Systems

  • With the development of reliable challenge systems in the target species, the research has identified antibody levels that can consistently provide protection, albeit under experimental conditions.
  • These challenge systems simulate a disease attack, allowing researchers to assess the vaccine’s effectiveness and the protection it provides against equine influenza.

Comparative Assessment

  • The research also identifies a discrepancy between vaccine performance under controlled, laboratory conditions, and real-world scenarios or ‘in the field’.
  • The researchers propose that exposure to a nebulized virus aerosol may offer a more realistic challenge for evaluating equine influenza vaccines.
  • A nebulized virus aerosol refers to microscopic particles of the virus suspended in the air, mimicking real-world conditions where horses might be exposed to the virus.
  • By comparing these two settings, the researchers aim to refine vaccine testing so that it is more reflective of the conditions in which equine influenza typically spreads amongst horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Mumford JA, Wood J. (1992). Establishing an acceptability threshold for equine influenza vaccines. Dev Biol Stand, 79, 137-146.

Publication

Developments in biological standardization
ISSN: 0301-5149
NlmUniqueID: 0427140
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 79
Pages: 137-146

Researcher Affiliations

Mumford, J A
  • Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK.
Wood, J

    MeSH Terms

    • Animals
    • Antibodies, Viral / blood
    • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
    • England / epidemiology
    • Evaluation Studies as Topic
    • Female
    • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
    • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
    • Horses
    • Influenza A virus / immunology
    • Influenza Vaccines / immunology
    • Influenza Vaccines / standards
    • Male
    • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
    • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
    • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
    • Reference Standards
    • South Africa / epidemiology

    Citations

    This article has been cited 20 times.
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