Evaluation of Protein Carbonyl Content in Healthy and Sick Hospitalized Horses.
Abstract: Literature on the protein carbonyl content (PCC) evaluation in horses is scarce, thus the aims were to evaluate the PCC in healthy and SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) horses and to investigate the performances of PCC in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio in identifying SIRS positive and negative horses. A total of 72 adult horses were included. All the horses underwent to a complete physical examination, blood analysis, and were evaluated for the SIRS status. Blood samples were collected once in healthy horses and at admission time, then 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after admission in sick animals. PCC was evaluated using a method previously described. Data were statistically analyzed to verify differences in PCC between healthy vs. SIRS positive or SIRS negative horses at all sampling time. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to verify sensitivity and specificity of PCC in the diagnosis of SIRS-positive and SIRS negative horses. The healthy horses were standardbred mares with a median age of 8.5 years. The sick horses were 31/54 females, 16/54 geldings, and 7/54 stallions of different breeds and with a median age of 12 years old. Eight out of 54 sick horses were SIRS negative, while 46/54 were SIRS positive. Statistically significant differences were obtained between healthy and SIRS positive horses, while no differences were observed between healthy and SIRS negative horses at any sampling time. The best cutoff value of PCC to discriminate between SIRS positive, SIRS negative, and healthy horses, the sensitivity and specificity of cutoff point, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve, the 95% confidence intervals, and the likelihood ratio were reported. We found higher PCC values in sick SIRS-positive horses vs. healthy ones with a decrement over time, while no differences at admission, nor during the observational period, were obtained in sick but SIRS-negative horses. The value of 0.049 nmol/ml/mg is reported as a potential cutoff for the diagnosis of SIRS positivity vs. healthy horses with a sensibility of 74.5% and a specificity of 72.2%. In conclusion, PCC seems to be a sensitive and specific marker for SIRS in horses.
Copyright © 2020 Nocera, Bonelli, Meucci, Rinnovati, Spadari, Intorre, Pretti and Sgorbini.
Publication Date: 2020-10-27 PubMed ID: 33195603PubMed Central: PMC7652898DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.582886Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research focused on evaluating protein carbonyl content (PCC) in healthy and sick horses, especially those with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). The study found that PCC values were higher in SIRS-positive horses compared to healthy ones, suggesting that PCC could be a precise marker for SIRS.
Research Objectives
- The primary goal of this study was to measure the protein carbonyl content (PCC) in healthy horses and those suffering from Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS).
- Another objective was to assess the performance of PCC in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio in identifying SIRS positive or SIRS negative horses.
Methodology
- A total of 72 adult horses were included in the study. All horses underwent a thorough physical examination and blood analysis.
- To evaluate SIRS status, blood samples were collected once from healthy horses and multiple times (at admission and 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after admission) from sick horses.
- PCC was evaluated using a previously described method, and data were statistically analyzed.
Results
- Significant differences were found between healthy and SIRS positive horses, but no differences were seen between healthy and SIRS negative horses at any sampling time.
- Higher PCC values were recorded in sick SIRS-positive horses compared to healthy ones with a decline over time. On the other hand, no differences were obtained in sick but SIRS-negative horses.
Conclusions
- The study concluded that PCC appears to be a sensitive and specific marker for SIRS in horses with a potential cutoff value of 0.049 nmol/ml/mg.
- PCC offers a sensibility of 74.5% and a specificity of 72.2% for the diagnosis of SIRS positive as opposed to healthy horses. This means that if a horse’s PCC value is greater than the cutoff, it is likely to be SIRS positive, and if the PCC value is lesser, the horse is likely to be healthy.
Cite This Article
APA
Nocera I, Bonelli F, Meucci V, Rinnovati R, Spadari A, Intorre L, Pretti C, Sgorbini M.
(2020).
Evaluation of Protein Carbonyl Content in Healthy and Sick Hospitalized Horses.
Front Vet Sci, 7, 582886.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.582886 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
References
This article includes 17 references
- Moore JN, Vandenplas ML. Is it the systemic inflammatory response syndrome or endotoxemia in horses with colic?. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2014 Aug;30(2):337-51, vii-viii.
- Prkno A, Wacker C, Brunkhorst FM, Schlattmann P. Procalcitonin-guided therapy in intensive care unit patients with severe sepsis and septic shock--a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Crit Care 2013 Dec 11;17(6):R291.
- Afsar I, Sener AG. Is Procalcitonin a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in sepsis?. Infect Dis Clin Pract (2015) 23:3–6.
- Mittal M, Siddiqui MR, Tran K, Reddy SP, Malik AB. Reactive oxygen species in inflammation and tissue injury.. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014 Mar 1;20(7):1126-67.
- Hasselgren PO. Pathways of muscle protein breakdown in injury and sepsis.. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 1999 Mar;2(2):155-60.
- Park Y, Kehrer JP. Oxidative changes in hypoxic-reoxygenated rabbit heart: a consequence of hypoxia rather than reoxygenation.. Free Radic Res Commun 1991;14(3):179-85.
- Abu-Zidan FM, Plank LD, Windsor JA. Proteolysis in severe sepsis is related to oxidation of plasma protein.. Eur J Surg 2002;168(2):119-23.
- Dalle-Donne I, Giustarini D, Colombo R, Rossi R, Milzani A. Protein carbonylation in human diseases.. Trends Mol Med 2003 Apr;9(4):169-76.
- Blakeman DP, Ryan TP, Jolly RA, Petry TW. Diquat-dependent protein carbonyl formation. Identification of lipid-dependent and lipid-independent pathways.. Biochem Pharmacol 1995 Sep 28;50(7):929-35.
- Dimock AN, Siciliano PD, McIlwraith CW. Evidence supporting an increased presence of reactive oxygen species in the diseased equine joint.. Equine Vet J 2000 Sep;32(5):439-43.
- Roy MF, Kwong GP, Lambert J, Massie S, Lockhart S. Prognostic Value and Development of a Scoring System in Horses With Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome.. J Vet Intern Med 2017 Mar;31(2):582-592.
- Levine RL, Garland D, Oliver CN, Amici A, Climent I, Lenz AG, Ahn BW, Shaltiel S, Stadtman ER. Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins.. Methods Enzymol 1990;186:464-78.
- LOWRY OH, ROSEBROUGH NJ, FARR AL, RANDALL RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent.. J Biol Chem 1951 Nov;193(1):265-75.
- Ruggerone B, Troia R, Murgia E, Giunti M, Dondi F, Paltrinieri S. Diagnosis of sepsis in dogs by measuring carbonylated proteins (PCos) and paraoxonase (PON-1). In: HAF. (2018) 5:21–2.
- Winterbourn CC, Buss IH, Chan TP, Plank LD, Clark MA, Windsor JA. Protein carbonyl measurements show evidence of early oxidative stress in critically ill patients.. Crit Care Med 2000 Jan;28(1):143-9.
- Costa NA, Gut AL, Azevedo PS, Tanni SE, Cunha NB, Fernandes AAH, Polegato BF, Zornoff LAM, de Paiva SAR, Balbi AL, Ponce D, Minicucci MF. Protein carbonyl concentration as a biomarker for development and mortality in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.. Biosci Rep 2018 Feb 28;38(1).
- Mica L, Furrer E, Keel M, Trentz O. Predictive ability of the ISS, NISS, and APACHE II score for SIRS and sepsis in polytrauma patients.. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2012 Dec;38(6):665-71.
Citations
This article has been cited 0 times.Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
