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Evaluation of risk factors for development of catheter-associated jugular thrombophlebitis in horses: 50 cases (1993-1998).
Abstract: To evaluate risk factors associated with development of catheter-associated jugular thrombophlebitis in hospitalized horses. Methods: Retrospective case-control study. Methods: 50 horses with thrombophlebitis and 100 control horses. Methods: Medical records from 1993 through 1998 were searched for horses with thrombophlebitis. Horses that were hospitalized for at least 5 days, had an i.v. catheter placed in a jugular vein (other than for solely anesthetic purposes), and had no evidence of thrombophlebitis during admission or hospitalization were chosen as controls. Signalment, history, clinicopathologic findings, primary illness, and treatment were obtained from the medical records. Data were analyzed by use of logistic regression to perform univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: For a horse with endotoxemia, the odds of developing thrombophlebitis were 18 times those for a similar horse without endotoxemia. For a horse with salmonellosis, the odds of developing thrombophlebitis were 68 times those for a similar horse without salmonellosis. For a horse with hypoproteinemia, the odds of developing thrombophlebitis were almost 5 times those for a similar horse without hypoproteinemia. For a horse in the medicine section, the odds of developing thrombophlebitis were 16 times those for a similar horse in the surgery section. For a horse with large intestinal dise, the odds of developing thrombophlebitis were 4 times those for a similar horse without large intestinal disease. For a horse receiving antidiarrheal or antiulcerative medications, the odds of developing thrombophlebitis were 31 times those for a similar horse not receiving these medications. Conclusions: Results indicated that patient factors, including large intestinal disease, hypoproteinemia, salmonellosis, and endotoxemia, were associated with development of catheter-associated thrombophlebitis in horses.
Publication Date: 2005-10-14 PubMed ID: 16220676DOI: 10.2460/javma.2005.227.1134Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research article explores the risk factors associated with catheter-associated jugular thrombophlebitis in hospitalized horses.
Study Overview
- The study aims to identify the risk factors contributing to the development of thrombophlebitis or vein inflammation due to a blood clot, among horses that received a catheter through the jugular vein during hospitalization.
- The study was done retrospectively with data from horses from 1998 to 2003.
- Known as a case control study, it involved 50 horses who developed thrombophlebitis and 100 control horses that had similar conditions and treatments but did not develop the condition.
Methodology
- The researchers reviewed medical records from the mentioned period, picking out hospitalized horses with a jugular catheter that did not show signs of thrombophlebitis during admission or throughout hospitalization.
- Various data from the records were then collected, such as the horse’s details, medical history, laboratory findings, primary illness, and treatment administered.
- The data was then subject to logistic regression for both univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results
- The odds of developing thrombophlebitis were found to be considerably higher in horses which had endotoxemia, salmonellosis, hypoproteinemia, larger intestinal disease or were receiving antidiarrheal or antiulcerative medications.
- Horses with salmonellosis had the highest risk, with their odds of developing thrombophlebitis being 68 times higher than the controls.
- The odds were 18 times higher in horses with endotoxemia, 5 times higher in horses with hypoproteinemia, 16 times higher in horses housed in the medicine section, and 4 times higher in horses with large intestinal disease.
- The use of antidiarrheal or antiulcerative medications increased the odds of developing thrombophlebitis by 31 times.
Conclusions
- The research concluded that patient factors including large intestinal disease, hypoproteinemia, salmonellosis, and endotoxemia, were associated with the development of catheter-associated thrombophlebitis in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Dolente BA, Beech J, Lindborg S, Smith G.
(2005).
Evaluation of risk factors for development of catheter-associated jugular thrombophlebitis in horses: 50 cases (1993-1998).
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 227(7), 1134-1141.
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2005.227.1134 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Case-Control Studies
- Catheters, Indwelling / adverse effects
- Catheters, Indwelling / veterinary
- Endotoxemia / complications
- Endotoxemia / veterinary
- Female
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / etiology
- Horses
- Hypoproteinemia / complications
- Hypoproteinemia / veterinary
- Intestinal Diseases / complications
- Intestinal Diseases / veterinary
- Jugular Veins
- Male
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Salmonella Infections, Animal / complications
- Thrombophlebitis / epidemiology
- Thrombophlebitis / etiology
- Thrombophlebitis / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Gomez DE, Leclere M, Arroyo LG, Li L, John E, Afonso T, Payette F, Darby S. Acute diarrhea in horses: A multicenter Canadian retrospective study (2015 to 2019). Can Vet J 2022 Oct;63(10):1033-1042.
- Hussein HA, Ibrahim A. B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography of normal external jugular vein in donkeys (Equus asinus). BMC Vet Res 2022 Sep 14;18(1):345.
- Lovett AL, Gilliam LL, Sykes BW, McFarlane D. Thromboelastography in obese horses with insulin dysregulation compared to healthy controls. J Vet Intern Med 2022 May;36(3):1131-1138.
- Corda A, Columbano N, Secchi V, Scanu A, Parpaglia MLP, Careddu GM, Passino ES. Use of saline contrast ultrasonography in the diagnosis of complete jugular vein occlusion in a horse. Open Vet J 2020 Oct;10(3):308-316.
- Kopper JJ, Bolger ME, Kogan CJ, Schott HC 2nd. Outcome and complications in horses administered sterile or non-sterile fluids intravenously. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Nov;33(6):2739-2745.
- Bäumer W, Herrling GM, Feige K. Pharmacokinetics and thrombolytic effects of the recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in horses. BMC Vet Res 2013 Aug 9;9:158.
- Dias DP, de Lacerda Neto JC. Jugular thrombophlebitis in horses: a review of fibrinolysis, thrombus formation, and clinical management. Can Vet J 2013 Jan;54(1):65-71.
- Vitale V, Bindi F, Bertelloni F, Sala G, Cingottini D, Bonelli F, Sgorbini M. Incidence of Bacterial Colonization of Intravenous Non-Permanent Venous Catheters in Hospitalized Equine Patients. Vet Sci 2025 Aug 22;12(9).
- Shawaf T. Jugular venous thrombosis as a risk factor for exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in thoroughbred racehorses. Open Vet J 2024 May;14(5):1111-1116.
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