Evaluation of variations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in horses with recurrent airway obstruction.
Abstract: To determine variations in cytologic counts of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid attributable to month of collection, first and second aliquots, and left and right lung sites in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). Methods: 5 horses with RAO and 5 healthy horses without respiratory tract disease. Methods: Horses were housed in a stable for 5 months prior to and throughout the study. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected from the right and left lung of each horse 3 times at monthly intervals (February, March, and April). Each BAL fluid collection was performed by use of 2 incremental instillations of 250 mL of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution in the same bronchial site. Analysis of BAL fluid included volume of BAL fluid recovered, a CBC, and differential cytologic counts. Results: Volume of BAL fluid recovered and cytologic counts did not differ in horses with RAO across time or between right and left lungs, except for the number of mast cells. Horses with RAO had significantly lower volumes of BAL fluid recovered, significantly lower percentages of macrophages and lymphocytes, and significantly higher percentages of neutrophils than did healthy horses. Despite individual variation, all horses with RAO had > 25% neutrophils throughout the study period. Conclusions: Despite variation among horses, BAL fluid cytologic counts were repeatable over short and long periods and samples can be used for longitudinal studies as a diagnostic tool of pulmonary inflammation in horses with RAO.
Publication Date: 2011-06-02 PubMed ID: 21627532DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.6.838Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage
- Clinical Pathology
- Comparative Study
- Cytology
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Inflammation
- Longitudinal Study
- Lung Health
- Lymphocytes
- Macrophages
- Mast Cells
- Neutrophils
- Pulmonary Health
- Recurrent Airway Obstruction
- Respiratory Disease
- Veterinary Medicine
Summary
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The research article focuses on discerning variations in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in horses suffering from recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). The cytologic counts in the fluid, collected from different lung sites and over varied months, were examined to understand the variations and to assess if these bronchoalveolar lavage tests could be used as a reliable diagnostic indicator in longitudinal studies of such horses.
Methodology
- The study involved examining five horses suffering from RAO and five healthy horses as a control group. All these horses were housed in a stable for five months before and during the study.
- Over the span of three months, at monthly intervals, BAL fluid was collected from both the right and left lungs of each horse.
- For collecting the BAL fluid, each bronchial site in the horse underwent two incremental instillations of 250 mL isotonic saline solution (0.9% NaCl).
- The BAL fluid analysis included the examination of the volume of recovered fluid, a complete blood count (CBC), and differential cytologic counts.
Results and Findings
- The study found that the volume of BAL fluid collected and the cytologic counts did not vary significantly over time or between the right and left lungs among the horses with RAO, except for the mast cells.
- Horses with RAO had significantly lower volumes of recovered BAL fluid, fewer percentages of macrophages and lymphocytes, and higher percentages of neutrophils compared with the healthy horses.
- All the horses with RAO consistently showed more than 25% neutrophils throughout the study period.
Conclusion
- Despite individual variation among the sampled horses, the BAL fluid cytologic counts were found to be repeatable over both short and long periods.
- Thus, the study concludes that the samples of BAL fluids can be used in longitudinal studies as a diagnostic tool for identifying pulmonary inflammation in horses affected by RAO.
Cite This Article
APA
Jean D, Vrins A, Beauchamp G, Lavoie JP.
(2011).
Evaluation of variations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in horses with recurrent airway obstruction.
Am J Vet Res, 72(6), 838-842.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.72.6.838 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada. daniel.jean@umontreal.ca
MeSH Terms
- Airway Obstruction / physiopathology
- Airway Obstruction / veterinary
- Animals
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / cytology
- Cell Count / veterinary
- Female
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / physiopathology
- Horses
- Longitudinal Studies
- Lung / cytology
- Lymphocytes / immunology
- Mast Cells / immunology
- Neutrophils / immunology
- Pneumonia / diagnosis
- Pneumonia / physiopathology
- Pneumonia / veterinary
- Reproducibility of Results
Citations
This article has been cited 26 times.- Westermann CM, de Bie AG, Olave C, de Grauw JC, Teske E, Couetil LL. Effect of Lavage Solution Type on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology in Clinically Healthy Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023 Aug 15;13(16).
- Morini M, Gobbo F, Rinnovati R, Romagnoli N, Peli A, Massarenti C, Spadari A, Pietra M. Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology in Severe Equine Asthma: Cytocentrifugated versus Sediment Smear Preparations. Vet Sci 2023 Aug 16;10(8).
- Akula S, Riihimäki M, Waern I, Åbrink M, Raine A, Hellman L, Wernersson S. Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis of Purified Equine Mast Cells Identifies a Dominant Mucosal Mast Cell Population with Possible Inflammatory Functions in Airways of Asthmatic Horses. Int J Mol Sci 2022 Nov 12;23(22).
- Basano I, Romolo A, Iamone G, Memoli G, Riccio B, Lavoie JP, Miniscalco B, Bullone M. Giant Multinucleated Cells Are Associated with Mastocytic Inflammatory Signature Equine Asthma. Animals (Basel) 2022 Apr 20;12(9).
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- Hue E, Orard M, Toquet MP, Depecker M, Couroucé A, Pronost S, Paillot R, Richard EA. Asymmetrical Pulmonary Cytokine Profiles Are Linked to Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology of Horses With Mild Airway Neutrophilia. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:226.
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- Husulak ML, Manning ST, Meachem MD, Burgess HJ, Epp TY, Montgomery JB. Does antimicrobial therapy improve outcomes in horses with severe equine asthma and a positive tracheal wash bacterial culture?. Can J Vet Res 2018 Jul;82(3):184-191.
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- Bercier M, Langlois I, Dunn M, Hélie P, Burns P, Gara-Boivin C. Cytological analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid acquired by bronchoscopy in healthy ferrets: A pilot study. Can J Vet Res 2016 Jan;80(1):74-80.
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- Woodrow JS, Hopster K, Palmisano M, Payette F, Kulp J, Stefanovski D, Nolen-Walston R. Time to resolution of airway inflammation caused by bronchoalveolar lavage in healthy horses. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Sep-Oct;38(5):2776-2782.
- Rasmussen N, Karlsen P, Otten ND, Fjeldborg J, Hansen S. Bilateral bronchoalveolar lavage cytology profiles in a warmblood horse population during a 1-year period. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Jul-Aug;38(4):2391-2398.
- Lapsina S, Riond B, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Stirn M. Comparison of Sysmex XN-V body fluid mode and deep-learning-based quantification with manual techniques for total nucleated cell count and differential count for equine bronchoalveolar lavage samples. BMC Vet Res 2024 Feb 5;20(1):48.
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