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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / Evidence for the circulation of equine encephalosis virus in...
PloS one2013; 8(8); e70532; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070532

Evidence for the circulation of equine encephalosis virus in Israel since 2001.

Abstract: Equine encephalosis virus (EEV) distribution was thought to be limited to southern Africa until 2008 when we reported EEV in Israel. It was then assumed that the clinical presentation resembled the initial incursion in Israel. To investigate further we conducted a retrospective analysis of equine sera, which had been collected for diagnosis of other suspected diseases, via serum neutralisation test. The data demonstrated that EEV was circulating as early as 2001 with incidence ranging from 20-100% for time period 2001-2008. As the symptoms of EEV can be similar to other equine notifiable diseases this is a significant finding which highlights the need for vigilance and education to accurately diagnose new and emerging diseases.
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Publication Date: 2013-08-12 PubMed ID: 23950952PubMed Central: PMC3741287DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070532Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the discovery that Equine Encephalosis Virus (EEV), which was previously believed to only exist in southern Africa, has been present in Israel since at least 2001. The researchers made this discovery by conducting a retrospective analysis of horse serum, demonstrating the need for ongoing vigilance and awareness of new and emerging diseases.

Research Aim and Methods

  • The purpose of this research was to examine if the Equine Encephalosis Virus (EEV), a disease affecting horses that was thought to be restricted to southern Africa, was present in Israel earlier than previously assumed.
  • Researchers conducted a retrospective analysis of equine sera (the clear part of the blood, free from cells, that was collected from horses for the diagnosis of other suspected diseases).
  • They used a serum neutralisation test, a diagnostic tool used to identify the presence of antibodies against specific viruses, such as EEV, in the serum.

Results and Findings

  • The data analysis revealed that the EEV had been present in Israel since 2001. The incidence rate ranged from 20% to 100% for the period from 2001 to 2008.
  • It was further noted that EEV’s clinical presentation in Israel resembled its initial incursion, meaning that the symptoms and signs of the disease in Israel were similar to those observed when the disease first arrived in the country.
  • Notably, EEV symptoms can be akin to those of other reportable equine diseases. This fact has significant implications for the correct diagnosis and monitoring of equine diseases in Israel and potentially other locations.

Future Implications and Conclusions

  • This research underscores the importance of vigilance in disease monitoring and the need for comprehensive education to accurately diagnose emerging diseases.
  • While the previously assumed distribution of EEV was limited to southern Africa, its discovery in Israel demands a revision of this view and suggests the possibility of a wider global distribution of the disease.
  • The study’s results provide a baseline for future research about the EEV and other similar diseases, their spread, and impact on animal health internationally.

Cite This Article

APA
Westcott D, Wescott DG, Mildenberg Z, Bellaiche M, McGowan SL, Grierson SS, Choudhury B, Steinbach F. (2013). Evidence for the circulation of equine encephalosis virus in Israel since 2001. PLoS One, 8(8), e70532. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070532

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 8
Pages: e70532
PII: e70532

Researcher Affiliations

Westcott, David G
    Wescott, David G
    • Department of Virology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, UK.
    Mildenberg, Zvia
      Bellaiche, Michel
        McGowan, Sarah L
          Grierson, Sylvia S
            Choudhury, Bhudipa
              Steinbach, Falko

                MeSH Terms

                • Animals
                • Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
                • Antibodies, Neutralizing / immunology
                • Antibodies, Viral / blood
                • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
                • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
                • Horse Diseases / immunology
                • Horses
                • Israel / epidemiology
                • Neutralization Tests
                • Orbivirus / classification
                • Orbivirus / immunology
                • Orbivirus / isolation & purification
                • Reoviridae Infections / veterinary
                • Retrospective Studies

                Conflict of Interest Statement

                The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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                Citations

                This article has been cited 8 times.
                1. Moyo NA, Westcott D, Simmonds R, Steinbach F. Equine Arteritis Virus in Monocytic Cells Suppresses Differentiation and Function of Dendritic Cells.. Viruses 2023 Jan 16;15(1).
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                2. Steinman A, Erster O, Tirosh-Levy S. Virus Infection in Equine.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Apr 8;12(8).
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                3. Tirosh-Levy S, Steinman A. Equine Encephalosis Virus.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Jan 29;12(3).
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                  doi: 10.3390/v13030398pubmed: 33801457google scholar: lookup
                5. Maan S, Belaganahalli MN, Maan NS, Potgieter AC, Mertens PPC. Quantitative RT-PCR assays for identification and typing of the Equine encephalosis virus.. Braz J Microbiol 2019 Jan;50(1):287-296.
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                7. Tirosh-Levy S, Gelman B, Zivotofsky D, Quraan L, Khinich E, Nasereddin A, Abdeen Z, Steinman A. Seroprevalence and risk factor analysis for exposure to equine encephalosis virus in Israel, Palestine and Jordan.. Vet Med Sci 2017 May;3(2):82-90.
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