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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vaccine / Evidence supporting the inclusion of strains from each of th...
Vaccine2004; 22(29-30); 4101-4109; doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.048

Evidence supporting the inclusion of strains from each of the two co-circulating lineages of H3N8 equine influenza virus in vaccines.

Abstract: Two lineages of antigenically distinct equine influenza A H3N8 subtype viruses, American and European, co-circulate. Experiments were conducted in ponies to investigate the protection induced by vaccines containing virus from one lineage against challenge infection with homologous or heterologous virus. Regression analysis showed that vaccinated ponies with average pre-challenge single radial haemolysis (SRH) antibody levels (i.e. 45-190mm2) had a higher probability of becoming infected if they were vaccinated with virus heterologous to the challenge strain than if they were vaccinated with homologous virus. Field studies in Thoroughbred racehorses also showed that SRH antibody levels of >/= 150mm2 induced by vaccines containing a European lineage strain are protective against infection with a virus from the same lineage, but that the same or higher antibody levels may not be protective against an American lineage virus. In conclusion, vaccines should contain virus strains representative of both H3N8 subtype lineages to maximise protection against infection.
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Publication Date: 2004-09-15 PubMed ID: 15364463DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.048Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper explores the effectiveness of the equine influenza A H3N8 subtype virus vaccination which comes in two distinct lineages; European and American. The study suggests it’s more beneficial for the vaccines to include strains from both lineages for maximum protection against infection.

Investigation on Vaccination Protection

  • The researchers conducted experiments on ponies to assess the level of protection provided by the vaccines containing viruses from either the American or the European lineage. The protection here is gauged on the ability of the vaccine to protect against a challenge infection with a virus either homologous (from the same lineage) or heterologous (from a different lineage).
  • Through regression analysis, they discovered that ponies vaccinated with a heterologous virus had a higher chance of getting infected, compared to those vaccinated with a homologous virus, even when the pre-challenge SRH (single radial haemolysis) antibody levels were similar.

Field Studies and Observations

  • Further field studies were conducted on Thoroughbred racehorses. The findings proved that a European lineage strain within vaccines produced SRH antibody levels of or above 150mm2, which is protective against infection from a virus of the same lineage.
  • However, the studies also revealed that even with similar or higher levels of antibody, the protection against the American lineage virus may not be guaranteed. This shows that simply having a high SRH antibody level might not be enough to protect against all virus lineages, particularly the American strain.

Conclusion of the Research

  • The findings ultimately suggest that for maximum protection against infection, the vaccines should contain virus strains that represent both the H3N8 subtype lineages (American and European). This could potentially improve the efficiency of the vaccines in protecting horses against the flu virus, regardless of the lineage.

Cite This Article

APA
Daly JM, Yates PJ, Newton JR, Park A, Henley W, Wood JL, Davis-Poynter N, Mumford JA. (2004). Evidence supporting the inclusion of strains from each of the two co-circulating lineages of H3N8 equine influenza virus in vaccines. Vaccine, 22(29-30), 4101-4109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.048

Publication

Vaccine
ISSN: 0264-410X
NlmUniqueID: 8406899
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 22
Issue: 29-30
Pages: 4101-4109

Researcher Affiliations

Daly, Janet M
  • Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK. janet.daly@aht.org.uk
Yates, Philip J
    Newton, J Richard
      Park, Andrew
        Henley, William
          Wood, James L N
            Davis-Poynter, Nick
              Mumford, Jennifer A

                MeSH Terms

                • Animals
                • Antibodies, Viral / blood
                • Antigens, Viral / analysis
                • Hemagglutinins, Viral / genetics
                • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
                • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
                • Horse Diseases / virology
                • Horses
                • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype
                • Influenza A virus / classification
                • Influenza A virus / genetics
                • Influenza A virus / immunology
                • Influenza Vaccines / immunology
                • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
                • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
                • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
                • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
                • Phylogeny
                • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
                • Vaccination / veterinary

                Citations

                This article has been cited 18 times.
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                  doi: 10.1007/s42770-020-00398-8pubmed: 33175343google scholar: lookup
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                  doi: 10.1126/science.1175980pubmed: 19900931google scholar: lookup
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                  doi: 10.1051/vetres/2009067pubmed: 19863903google scholar: lookup
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