Exhaled breath condensate hydrogen peroxide and pH for the assessment of lower airway inflammation in the horse.
Abstract: Measurement of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) concentration and pH in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is useful for detection and monitoring of asthma in humans. In contrast, limited information on the use of these parameters for the investigation of lower airway inflammation (LAI) is available for horses. Aims of the current study were to investigate the intra- and inter-day variations of EBC H(2)O(2) concentration and pH in horses and establish any relationship(s) with LAI. Both intra- and inter-day variability of EBC H(2)O(2) concentration were large, while those of pH were small. No significant difference in the intra-day or inter-day H(2)O(2) concentrations or pH measurements were found in control or LAI horses, except for inter-day H(2)O(2) concentration in horses with LAI (p=0.019). There was no significant difference in EBC pH or H(2)O(2) concentration between control and LAI horses, however a trend for a reduced pH in horses with LAI was observed.
Publication Date: 2009-04-24 PubMed ID: 19394059DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.03.014Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study investigated the use of hydrogen peroxide concentration and pH levels in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) to assess lower airway inflammation in horses, a method previously used for asthma detection in humans. The results showed high variability in their measurements, but a trend of lower pH levels was observed in horses with inflammation.
Objective and Methodology of the Study
- The main aim of this research was to understand if measurement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and pH in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) could be used as markers for detecting and monitoring lower airway inflammation (LAI) in horses, similar to their use in asthma diagnosis and monitoring in humans.
- The study specifically sought to understand the intra- and inter-day variations in these markers.
Intra- and Inter-day Variability
- The study showed high variability in the concentration of H2O2 in EBC within a day (intra-day) as well as between different days (inter-day).
- The variability in pH levels, on the other hand, was found to be relatively low on both intra- and inter-day scales.
Comparative Analysis Between Control and LAI Horses
- There were no significant differences in intra-day or inter-day H2O2 concentrations or pH measurements between control horses (those without LAI) and LAI horses.
- The only exception was greater inter-day variability in H2O2 concentration found in LAI horses, which was statistically significant (p=0.019).
- Although no significant difference was found in the EBC pH or H2O2 concentration between control and LAI horses, a trend towards lower pH levels was noted in horses with LAI.
Implications of the Study
- The findings reveal that the use of hydrogen peroxide concentration and pH in EBC as potential biomarkers for LAI in horses may require further investigation due to their high variability.
- Nonetheless, the observed trend of lower pH in horses with LAI suggests there might still be potential for using these parameters in diagnosing and monitoring lower airway inflammation in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Duz M, Whittaker AG, Love S, Parkin TD, Hughes KJ.
(2009).
Exhaled breath condensate hydrogen peroxide and pH for the assessment of lower airway inflammation in the horse.
Res Vet Sci, 87(2), 307-312.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.03.014 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Weipers Centre for Equine Welfare, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom.
MeSH Terms
- Airway Obstruction / diagnosis
- Airway Obstruction / veterinary
- Animals
- Breath Tests / methods
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / chemistry
- Exhalation / physiology
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / physiopathology
- Horses
- Hydrogen Peroxide / analysis
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Inflammation / diagnosis
- Inflammation / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Bi X, Wang Y, Wang D, Liu L, Zhu W, Zhang J, Zha X. A mitochondrial-targetable dual functional near-infrared fluorescent probe to monitor pH and H(2)O(2) in living cells and mice. RSC Adv 2020 Jul 15;10(45):26874-26879.
- Simões J, Batista M, Tilley P. The Immune Mechanisms of Severe Equine Asthma-Current Understanding and What Is Missing. Animals (Basel) 2022 Mar 16;12(6).
- Bazzano M, Laghi L, Zhu C, Magi GE, Tesei B, Laus F. Respiratory metabolites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can differentiate horses affected by severe equine asthma from healthy horses. BMC Vet Res 2020 Jul 8;16(1):233.
- Letek M, González P, Macarthur I, Rodríguez H, Freeman TC, Valero-Rello A, Blanco M, Buckley T, Cherevach I, Fahey R, Hapeshi A, Holdstock J, Leadon D, Navas J, Ocampo A, Quail MA, Sanders M, Scortti MM, Prescott JF, Fogarty U, Meijer WG, Parkhill J, Bentley SD, Vázquez-Boland JA. The genome of a pathogenic rhodococcus: cooptive virulence underpinned by key gene acquisitions. PLoS Genet 2010 Sep 30;6(9):e1001145.
- Barbosa B, Santi TF, Rodak AC, Nogara MF, Leite LMB, Weber SH, Niels C, Daros RR, Michelotto PV. Intraday and Interday Evaluation of pH and Hydrogen Peroxide in the Exhaled Breath Condensate of Horses Using A Portable Device. ACS Omega 2025 Oct 21;10(41):48412-48417.
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