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Home / Equine Research Bank / Biomimetics (Basel) / Exploring Adhesive Performance in Horseshoe Bonding Through ...
Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)2024; 10(1); 2; doi: 10.3390/biomimetics10010002

Exploring Adhesive Performance in Horseshoe Bonding Through Advanced Mechanical and Numerical Analysis.

Abstract: Despite technological advancements in various industries, the equine sector still relies on old methods like horseshoeing. Although traditional, the industry is dynamic and well-funded. Therefore, there is a need to modernize these methods with more reliable and less invasive solutions for attaching horseshoes to horse hooves. There are currently several commercial adhesive solutions in the market specifically tailored to this application. In this work, the mechanical properties of two acrylic adhesives were characterized under quasi-static conditions. In the characterization process, tensile, shear, and fracture properties were determined. Subsequently, in-joint behavior was assessed using single-lap joints (SLJ) for both similar and dissimilar adherends. The adherends' materials included steel (St), aluminum (Al), and horse hoof wall (HW), and the following adherend combinations were tested: St-St, Al-Al, and St-HW. A numerical model of similar joints was developed and validated based on experimental results. After its validation, the next steps are the modelling of the real joint and its simulation by considering realistic loading conditions in order to determine the weakest points of the joint. This exploratory study seeks to establish a foundation for investigating alternative adhesive solutions that could address the limitations identified in the solutions studied in this paper.
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Publication Date: 2024-12-24 PubMed ID: 39851718PubMed Central: PMC11762798DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10010002Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This research investigates the mechanical performance of two acrylic adhesives used for bonding horseshoes to horse hooves, aiming to modernize traditional horseshoeing methods with more reliable and less invasive adhesive techniques.
  • The study includes experimental characterization of adhesives under various mechanical stresses and develops a numerical model to simulate joint behavior, laying groundwork for future improvements in adhesive horseshoe attachment.

Background and Motivation

  • The equine industry has historically relied on traditional mechanical horseshoeing methods, which are well-established but may have drawbacks such as invasiveness and reliability.
  • Despite technological progress in many industries, equine hoof care remains relatively unchanged and could benefit from modernization.
  • Commercial adhesive products exist specifically for attaching horseshoes, but their performance and mechanical properties need thorough evaluation to improve effectiveness and safety.

Objectives

  • Characterize the mechanical properties of two acrylic adhesives used in horseshoe bonding under quasi-static loading conditions.
  • Evaluate the adhesives’ tensile, shear, and fracture properties experimentally.
  • Investigate the in-joint behavior using single-lap joints (SLJ) with different combinations of adherend materials to simulate real application scenarios.
  • Develop and validate a numerical model of similar material joints based on experimental data.
  • Establish a foundation for future studies aimed at modeling realistic joint configurations and loading conditions to identify potential failure points and improve adhesive solutions.

Methodology

  • Adhesive Selection: Two commercial acrylic adhesives were chosen for their applicability in horseshoe bonding.
  • Mechanical Testing:
    • Tensile tests to measure strength and elongation under tension.
    • Shear tests to assess adhesive resistance to sliding forces.
    • Fracture toughness tests to understand how cracks propagate through the adhesive layer.
  • Single-Lap Joint Tests:
    • Designed SLJ specimens to simulate bonding conditions with adherend material combinations: steel-steel (St-St), aluminum-aluminum (Al-Al), and steel-horse hoof wall (St-HW).
    • Measured joint strength and failure modes to interpret adhesive and adherend compatibility.
  • Numerical Modeling:
    • Developed a computational model representing joints with similar adherends based on experimental data.
    • Validated the model by comparing simulation results with experimental tests.
    • Expressed intent to extend modeling towards realistic joint designs and loading conditions which mimic actual horseshoe stresses.

Findings and Implications

  • The study provided quantitative data on the mechanical behavior of acrylic adhesives under static loads relevant for horseshoe bonding.
  • Adhesive performance varied with adherend material combinations, highlighting the importance of considering material compatibility.
  • Numerical models effectively predicted adhesive joint behavior in similar-material cases, validating the experimental approach.
  • The research identified areas where adhesives could be improved, particularly relating to fracture resistance and shear behavior on biological materials like the hoof wall.
  • This study sets the stage for future work to simulate complex loading scenarios, which will help determine the weakest joint points and inform the design of better adhesives and attachment methods.

Future Directions

  • Extend numerical modeling to include dissimilar joint types, especially the biologically relevant steel-horse hoof wall interface.
  • Incorporate dynamic and cyclic loading conditions in simulations to mirror real-life stresses experienced by horseshoes during motion.
  • Investigate alternative adhesive formulations or bonding techniques that improve durability and reduce invasiveness.
  • Develop comprehensive guidelines for equine practitioners to adopt adhesive bonding as a standardized method.
  • Conduct long-term field studies to validate laboratory findings in real-world equine environments.

Cite This Article

APA
Ferreira CMC, Simões BD, Marques EAS, Carbas RJC, da Silva LFM. (2024). Exploring Adhesive Performance in Horseshoe Bonding Through Advanced Mechanical and Numerical Analysis. Biomimetics (Basel), 10(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10010002

Publication

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2313-7673
NlmUniqueID: 101719189
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
PII: 2

Researcher Affiliations

Ferreira, C M C
  • Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Simões, B D
  • Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Marques, E A S
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Carbas, R J C
  • Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
da Silva, L F M
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

Grant Funding

  • 2024.03586.BD / Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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