FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Frontiers in veterinary science2025; 12; 1562508; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1562508

Exploring the roles of snoRNA-induced ribosome heterogeneity in equine osteoarthritis.

Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that greatly contributes to equine morbidity and poor welfare. Changes in cellular protein expression programs fuel the development and progression of OA. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of OA (patho)biology. SnoRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that guide post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) nucleotides, which impact ribosome function and thus cellular protein expression programs. There is only very limited data on snoRNAs in equine OA. Unassigned: In this study, we induced OA in horses ( = 9) using a well-established equine carpal osteochondral fragment model of OA. We collected synovial fluid (SF) before (Day 0) and after OA-inducing surgery (Day 28, Day 70). Using small RNA sequencing, we then measured snoRNA levels in SF. Unassigned: We identified 229 snoRNAs across all samples of which 30 snoRNAs were significantly differentially expressed (DE) in Day 28 vs. Day 0 comparison, 22 snoRNAs in Day 70 vs. Day 0, and finally, 23 snoRNAs in Day 70 vs. Day 28. On Day 28, the majority of DE snoRNAs were upregulated when compared to Day 0. In contrast, the majority of DE snoRNAs on Day 70 were downregulated when compared to Day 0 and Day 28. Altogether, 44 snoRNAs were DE across different comparisons, the majority of which were canonical snoRNAs. We then mapped all the predicted PTMs guided by the DE snoRNAs within a 3D ribosome. Unassigned: Several of these PTMs were located within functionally important ribosomal regions. This included helices H89-H91 of peptidyl transferase center, helices H37-H39 of A-site finger and B1a ribosomal bridge, helices H70-H71, 5.8S-28S junction, and lastly, helices h14 and H95 of GTPase-associated center. Altogether, our novel data show that snoRNAs are regulated in equine OA, highlighting their potential as early molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Targeting snoRNA to modulate protein synthesis in OA joints could ultimately improve outcomes for OA-affected horses.
Copyright © 2025 Chabronova, Walters, Regårdh, Jacobsen, Bundgaard, Anderson and Peffers.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2025-07-10 PubMed ID: 40709001PubMed Central: PMC12288042DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1562508Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the role of Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), in equine (horse) Osteoarthritis (OA), a disease affecting horses’ joints. The study revealed significant variations in snoRNA expression during the progression of OA, suggesting these non-coding RNAs could be potential molecular biomarkers or treatment targets for the disease.

Objective and Methodology

  • The aim was to explore the role of snoRNAs in equine OA, a degenerative joint disease in horses that contributes significantly to horse morbidity and poor welfare.
  • The researchers induced OA in nine horses using a recognised equine carpal osteochondral fragment model of OA.
  • They then collected the synovial fluid, the clear, viscid bodily fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints, from these horses before (Day 0) and after (Day 28, Day 70) the OA-inducing surgery.
  • The snoRNA levels in the collected synovial fluid were then measured using small RNA sequencing.

Key Findings

  • A total of 229 snoRNAs were identified across all samples, with specific ones showing significant differential expression (DE) when compared at different stages of OA progression.
  • They found 30 snoRNAs were significantly DE in Day 28 vs. Day 0 comparison, 22 snoRNAs in Day 70 vs. Day 0, and finally, 23 snoRNAs in Day 70 vs. Day 28.
  • Interestingly, most of the DE snoRNAs at Day 28 were upregulated compared to Day 0. But by Day 70, most of these snoRNAs were downregulated when compared to both Day 0 and Day 28.
  • The team then mapped the post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) guided by these DE snoRNAs within a 3D ribosome and found them to be located within vital ribosomal regions.

Implications of the Study

  • This pioneering data reveals that snoRNAs are regulated during the progression of equine OA. It suggests snoRNAs could be used as early molecular biomarkers for OA in horses, a significant leap in diagnosing this debilitating disease.
  • Moreover, they might also serve as potential therapeutic targets, where manipulating snoRNA could regulate protein synthesis in OA joints, thereby improving outcomes for horses with OA.

Cite This Article

APA
Chabronova A, Walters M, Regårdh S, Jacobsen S, Bundgaard L, Anderson JR, Peffers MJ. (2025). Exploring the roles of snoRNA-induced ribosome heterogeneity in equine osteoarthritis. Front Vet Sci, 12, 1562508. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1562508

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Pages: 1562508
PII: 1562508

Researcher Affiliations

Chabronova, Alzbeta
  • Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Walters, Marie
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Regårdh, Sara
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jacobsen, Stine
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Bundgaard, Louise
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Anderson, James R
  • Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Peffers, Mandy J
  • Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 77 references
  1. Ireland JL, Wylie CE, Collins SN, Verheyen KL, Newton JR. Preventive health care and owner-reported disease prevalence of horses and ponies in Great Britain.. Res Vet Sci (2013) 95:418–24.
    doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.05.007pubmed: 23768693google scholar: lookup
  2. McIlwraith CW, Frisbie DD, Kawcak CE. The horse as a model of naturally occurring osteoarthritis.. Bone Joint Res (2012) 1:297–309.
    doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.111.2000132pmc: PMC3626203pubmed: 23610661google scholar: lookup
  3. UAVSNHM, USDoA. National Economic Cost of Equine Lameness, Colic, and Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis in the United States.. USDA APHIS Veterinary Services National Health Monitoring System Fort Collins, Colorado (2001).
  4. Herbst AC, Coleman MC, Macon EL, Harris PA, Adams AA. Owner-reported health and disease in U.S. senior horses.. Equine Vet J (2025) 57:684–702.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.14200pubmed: 39092919google scholar: lookup
  5. Neundorf RH, Lowerison MB, Cruz AM, Thomason JJ, McEwen BJ, Hurtig MB. Determination of the prevalence and severity of metacarpophalangeal joint osteoarthritis in Thoroughbred racehorses via quantitative macroscopic evaluation.. Am J Vet Res (2010) 71:1284–93.
    doi: 10.2460/ajvr.71.11.1284pubmed: 21034319google scholar: lookup
  6. Loeser RF, Goldring SR, Scanzello CR, Goldring MB. Osteoarthritis: a disease of the joint as an organ.. Arthritis Rheum (2012) 64:1697–707.
    doi: 10.1002/art.34453pmc: PMC3366018pubmed: 22392533google scholar: lookup
  7. McIlwraith CW, Frisbie DD, Kawcak CE, Fuller CJ, Hurtig M, Cruz A. The OARSI histopathology initiative—recommendations for histological assessments of osteoarthritis in the horse.. Osteoarthritis Cartil (2010) 18:S93–105.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.05.031pubmed: 20864027google scholar: lookup
  8. Thijssen E, van Caam A, van der Kraan PM. Obesity and osteoarthritis, more than just wear and tear: pivotal roles for inflamed adipose tissue and dyslipidaemia in obesity-induced osteoarthritis.. Rheumatology (2015) 54:588–600.
    doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu464pubmed: 25504962google scholar: lookup
  9. van den Akker GGH, Caron MMJ, Peffers MJ, Welting TJM. Ribosome dysfunction in osteoarthritis.. Curr Opin Rheumatol (2022) 34:61–7.
    doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000858pmc: PMC8638817pubmed: 34750309google scholar: lookup
  10. Sandell LJ, Aigner T. Articular cartilage and changes in arthritis. An introduction: cell biology of osteoarthritis.. Arthritis Res (2001) 3:107–13.
    doi: 10.1186/ar148pmc: PMC128887pubmed: 11178118google scholar: lookup
  11. Haartmans MJJ, Emanuel KS, Tuijthof GJM, Heeren RMA, Emans PJ, Cillero-Pastor B. Mass spectrometry-based biomarkers for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review.. Expert Rev Proteomics (2021) 18:693–706.
    doi: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1952868pubmed: 34228576google scholar: lookup
  12. Khatter H, Myasnikov AG, Natchiar SK, Klaholz BP. Structure of the human 80S ribosome.. Nature (2015) 520:640–5.
    doi: 10.1038/nature14427pubmed: 25901680google scholar: lookup
  13. Gay DM, Lund AH, Jansson MD. Translational control through ribosome heterogeneity and functional specialization.. Trends Biochem Sci (2022) 47:66–81.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.07.001pubmed: 34312084google scholar: lookup
  14. Genuth NR, Barna M. The discovery of ribosome heterogeneity and its implications for gene regulation and organismal life.. Mol Cell (2018) 71:364–74.
    doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.07.018pmc: PMC6092941pubmed: 30075139google scholar: lookup
  15. Gelfo V, Venturi G, Zacchini F, Montanaro L. Decoding ribosome heterogeneity: a new horizon in cancer therapy.. Biomedicines (2024) 12:155.
    doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12010155pmc: PMC10813612pubmed: 38255260google scholar: lookup
  16. Milenkovic I, Novoa EM. Dynamic rRNA modifications as a source of ribosome heterogeneity.. Trends Cell Biol (2024).
    doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.10.001pubmed: 39500673google scholar: lookup
  17. Jaafar M, Paraqindes H, Gabut M, Diaz JJ, Marcel V, Durand S. 2′O-ribose methylation of ribosomal RNAs: natural diversity in living organisms, biological processes, and diseases.. Cells (2021) 10:1948.
    doi: 10.3390/cells10081948pmc: PMC8393311pubmed: 34440717google scholar: lookup
  18. Penzo M, Montanaro L. Turning uridines around: role of rRNA pseudouridylation in ribosome biogenesis and ribosomal function.. Biomolecules (2018) 8:38.
    doi: 10.3390/biom8020038pmc: PMC6023024pubmed: 29874862google scholar: lookup
  19. Motorin Y, Quinternet M, Rhalloussi W, Marchand V. Constitutive and variable 2′-O-methylation (Nm) in human ribosomal RNA.. RNA Biol (2021) 18:1–10.
    doi: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1974750pmc: PMC8677024pubmed: 34503375google scholar: lookup
  20. Ojha S, Malla S, Lyons SM. snoRNPs: functions in ribosome biogenesis.. Biomolecules (2020) 10:783.
    doi: 10.3390/biom10050783pmc: PMC7277114pubmed: 32443616google scholar: lookup
  21. Kiss T. Small nucleolar RNAs: an abundant group of noncoding RNAs with diverse cellular functions.. Cell (2002) 109:145–8.
    doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00718-3pubmed: 12007400google scholar: lookup
  22. Peffers MJ, Chabronova A, Balaskas P, Fang Y, Dyer P, Cremers A. snoRNA signatures in cartilage ageing and osteoarthritis.. Sci Rep (2020) 10:10641.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67446-zpmc: PMC7326970pubmed: 32606371google scholar: lookup
  23. Ripmeester EGJ, Caron MMJ, van den Akker GGH, Surtel DAM, Cremers A, Balaskas P. Impaired chondrocyte U3 snoRNA expression in osteoarthritis impacts the chondrocyte protein translation apparatus.. Sci Rep (2020) 10:13426.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70453-9pmc: PMC7417995pubmed: 32778764google scholar: lookup
  24. Steinbusch MM, Fang Y, Milner PI, Clegg PD, Young DA, Welting TJ. Serum snoRNAs as biomarkers for joint ageing and post traumatic osteoarthritis.. Sci Rep (2017) 7:43558.
    doi: 10.1038/srep43558pmc: PMC5333149pubmed: 28252005google scholar: lookup
  25. Chabronova A, van den Akker G, Housmans BAC, Caron MMJ, Cremers A, Surtel DAM. Depletion of SNORA33 Abolishes psi of 28S-U4966 and affects the ribosome translational apparatus.. Int J Mol Sci (2023) 24:12578.
    doi: 10.3390/ijms241612578pmc: PMC10454564pubmed: 37628759google scholar: lookup
  26. Chabronova A, van den Akker GGH, Housmans BAC, Caron MMJ, Cremers A, Surtel DAM. Ribosomal RNA-based epitranscriptomic regulation of chondrocyte translation and proteome in osteoarthritis.. Osteoarthritis Cartil (2023) 31:374–85.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.12.010pubmed: 36621590google scholar: lookup
  27. Jorjani H, Kehr S, Jedlinski DJ, Gumienny R, Hertel J, Stadler PF. An updated human snoRNAome.. Nucleic Acids Res (2016) 44:5068–82.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw386pmc: PMC4914119pubmed: 27174936google scholar: lookup
  28. Peffers M, Liu X, Clegg P. Transcriptomic signatures in cartilage ageing.. Arthritis Res Ther (2013) 15:R98.
    doi: 10.1186/ar4278pmc: PMC3978620pubmed: 23971731google scholar: lookup
  29. Castanheira C, Balaskas P, Falls C, Ashraf-Kharaz Y, Clegg P, Burke K. Equine synovial fluid small non-coding RNA signatures in early osteoarthritis.. BMC Vet Res (2021) 17:26.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02707-7pmc: PMC7796526pubmed: 33422071google scholar: lookup
  30. Zhang L, Yang M, Marks P, White LM, Hurtig M, Mi QS. Serum non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for osteoarthritis progression after ACL injury.. Osteoarthritis Cartil (2012) 20:1631–7.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.08.016pmc: PMC3478481pubmed: 22944527google scholar: lookup
  31. Walters M, Skovgaard K, Heegaard PMH, Fang Y, Kharaz YA, Bundgaard L. Identification and characterisation of temporal abundance of microRNAs in synovial fluid from an experimental equine model of osteoarthritis.. Equine Vet J (2025).
    doi: 10.1111/evj.14456pmc: PMC12135755pubmed: 39775906google scholar: lookup
  32. Robinson MD, McCarthy DJ, Smyth GK. edgeR: a bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data.. Bioinformatics (2010) 26:139–40.
    doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616pmc: PMC2796818pubmed: 19910308google scholar: lookup
  33. Kushner A, Petrov AS, Dao Duc K. RiboXYZ: a comprehensive database for visualizing and analyzing ribosome structures.. Nucleic Acids Res (2023) 51:D509–16.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac939pmc: PMC9825457pubmed: 36305870google scholar: lookup
  34. Sloan KE, Warda AS, Sharma S, Entian KD, Lafontaine DLJ, Bohnsack MT. Tuning the ribosome: the influence of rRNA modification on eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis and function.. RNA Biol (2017) 14:1138–52.
    doi: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1259781pmc: PMC5699541pubmed: 27911188google scholar: lookup
  35. Komoda T, Sato NS, Phelps SS, Namba N, Joseph S, Suzuki T. The A-site finger in 23 S rRNA acts as a functional attenuator for translocation.. J Biol Chem (2006) 281:32303–9.
    doi: 10.1074/jbc.M607058200pubmed: 16950778google scholar: lookup
  36. Gigova A, Duggimpudi S, Pollex T, Schaefer M, Koš M. A cluster of methylations in the domain IV of 25S rRNA is required for ribosome stability.. RNA (2014) 20:1632–44.
    doi: 10.1261/rna.043398.113pmc: PMC4174444pubmed: 25125595google scholar: lookup
  37. Leviev I, Levieva S, Garrett RA. Role for the highly conserved region of domain IV of 23S-like rRNA in subunit-subunit interactions at the peptidyl transferase centre.. Nucleic Acids Res (1995) 23:1512–7.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/23.9.1512pmc: PMC306890pubmed: 7784204google scholar: lookup
  38. Zhang Y, Wölfle T, Rospert S. Interaction of nascent chains with the ribosomal tunnel proteins Rpl4, Rpl17, and Rpl39 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. J Biol Chem (2013) 288:33697–707.
    doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.508283pmc: PMC3837115pubmed: 24072706google scholar: lookup
  39. Hellen CUT. Translation termination and ribosome recycling in eukaryotes.. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol (2018) 10.
    doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a032656pmc: PMC6169810pubmed: 29735640google scholar: lookup
  40. Preis A, Heuer A, Barrio-Garcia C, Hauser A, Eyler DE, Berninghausen O. Cryoelectron microscopic structures of eukaryotic translation termination complexes containing eRF1-eRF3 or eRF1-ABCE1.. Cell Rep (2014) 8:59–65.
    doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.04.058pmc: PMC6813808pubmed: 25001285google scholar: lookup
  41. Langevin SM, Kuhnell D, Biesiada J, Zhang X, Medvedovic M, Talaska GG. Comparability of the small RNA secretome across human biofluids concomitantly collected from healthy adults.. PLoS ONE (2020) 15:e0229976.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229976pmc: PMC7147728pubmed: 32275679google scholar: lookup
  42. Zheleznyakova GY, Piket E, Needhamsen M, Hagemann-Jensen M, Ekman D, Han Y. Small noncoding RNA profiling across cellular and biofluid compartments and their implications for multiple sclerosis immunopathology.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2021) 118:e2011574118.
    doi: 10.1073/pnas.2011574118pmc: PMC8092379pubmed: 33879606google scholar: lookup
  43. Anderson JR, Jacobsen S, Walters M, Bundgaard L, Diendorfer A, Hackl M. Small non-coding RNA landscape of extracellular vesicles from a post-traumatic model of equine osteoarthritis.. Front Vet Sci (2022) 9:901269.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.901269pmc: PMC9393553pubmed: 36003409google scholar: lookup
  44. van Niel G, D'Angelo G, Raposo G. Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles.. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2018) 19:213–28.
    doi: 10.1038/nrm.2017.125pubmed: 29339798google scholar: lookup
  45. Martins-Marques T, Girao H. The good, the bad and the ugly: the impact of extracellular vesicles on the cardiovascular system.. J Physiol (2022) 601:4837–52.
    doi: 10.1113/JP282048pubmed: 35348208google scholar: lookup
  46. Chabronova A, Holmes TL, Hoang DM, Denning C, James V, Smith JGW. SnoRNAs in cardiovascular development, function, and disease.. Trends Mol Med (2024) 30:562–78.
    doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.03.004pubmed: 38523014google scholar: lookup
  47. Katsara O, Kolupaeva V. mTOR-mediated inactivation of 4E-BP1, an inhibitor of translation, precedes cartilage degeneration in rat osteoarthritic knees.. J Orthop Res (2018) 36:2728–35.
    doi: 10.1002/jor.24049pubmed: 29761560google scholar: lookup
  48. Zhang H, Wang H, Zeng C, Yan B, Ouyang J, Liu X. mTORC1 activation downregulates FGFR3 and PTH/PTHrP receptor in articular chondrocytes to initiate osteoarthritis.. Osteoarthritis Cartil (2017) 25:952–63.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.12.024pubmed: 28043938google scholar: lookup
  49. Sun K, Luo J, Guo J, Yao X, Jing X, Guo F. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in osteoarthritis: a narrative review.. Osteoarthritis Cartil (2020) 28:400–9.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.02.027pubmed: 32081707google scholar: lookup
  50. Luo Y, Zhou F, Wang X, Yang R, Li Y, Wu X. Inhibition of cc chemokine receptor 10 ameliorates osteoarthritis via inhibition of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway.. J Orthop Surg Res (2024) 19:158.
    doi: 10.1186/s13018-024-04642-xpmc: PMC10908087pubmed: 38429844google scholar: lookup
  51. Balaskas P, Green JA, Haqqi TM, Dyer P, Kharaz YA, Fang Y. Small non-coding RNAome of ageing chondrocytes.. Int J Mol Sci (2020) 21:5675.
    doi: 10.3390/ijms21165675pmc: PMC7461137pubmed: 32784773google scholar: lookup
  52. Taoka M, Nobe Y, Yamaki Y, Sato K, Ishikawa H, Izumikawa K. Landscape of the complete RNA chemical modifications in the human 80S ribosome.. Nucleic Acids Res (2018) 46:9289–98.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/gky811pmc: PMC6182160pubmed: 30202881google scholar: lookup
  53. Liang XH, Liu Q, Fournier MJ. Loss of rRNA modifications in the decoding center of the ribosome impairs translation and strongly delays pre-rRNA processing.. RNA (2009) 15:1716–28.
    doi: 10.1261/rna.1724409pmc: PMC2743053pubmed: 19628622google scholar: lookup
  54. Liang XH, Liu Q, Fournier MJ. rRNA modifications in an intersubunit bridge of the ribosome strongly affect both ribosome biogenesis and activity.. Mol Cell (2007) 28:965–77.
    doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.10.012pubmed: 18158895google scholar: lookup
  55. King TH, Liu B, McCully RR, Fournier MJ. Ribosome structure and activity are altered in cells lacking snoRNPs that form pseudouridines in the peptidyl transferase center.. Mol Cell (2003) 11:425–35.
    doi: 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00040-6pubmed: 12620230google scholar: lookup
  56. Baudin-Baillieu A, Fabret C, Liang XH, Piekna-Przybylska D, Fournier MJ, Rousset JP. Nucleotide modifications in three functionally important regions of the ribosome affect translation accuracy.. Nucleic Acids Res (2009) 37:7665–77.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp816pmc: PMC2794176pubmed: 19820108google scholar: lookup
  57. Jansson MD, Häfner SJ, Altinel K, Tehler D, Krogh N, Jakobsen E. Regulation of translation by site-specific ribosomal RNA methylation.. Nat Struct Mol Biol (2021) 28:889–99.
    doi: 10.1038/s41594-021-00669-4pubmed: 34759377google scholar: lookup
  58. Liu B, Liang XH, Piekna-Przybylska D, Liu Q, Fournier MJ. Mis-targeted methylation in rRNA can severely impair ribosome synthesis and activity.. RNA Biol (2008) 5:249–54.
    doi: 10.4161/rna.6916pubmed: 18981724google scholar: lookup
  59. Wang W, Li W, Ge X, Yan K, Mandava CS, Sanyal S. Loss of a single methylation in 23S rRNA delays 50S assembly at multiple late stages and impairs translation initiation and elongation.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2020) 117:15609–19.
    doi: 10.1073/pnas.1914323117pmc: PMC7355043pubmed: 32571953google scholar: lookup
  60. Piekna-Przybylska D, Przybylski P, Baudin-Baillieu A, Rousset JP, Fournier MJ. Ribosome performance is enhanced by a rich cluster of pseudouridines in the A-site finger region of the large subunit.. J Biol Chem (2008) 283:26026–36.
    doi: 10.1074/jbc.M803049200pmc: PMC3258867pubmed: 18611858google scholar: lookup
  61. Lancaster L, Lambert NJ, Maklan EJ, Horan LH, Noller HF. The sarcin-ricin loop of 23S rRNA is essential for assembly of the functional core of the 50S ribosomal subunit.. RNA (2008) 14:1999–2012.
    doi: 10.1261/rna.1202108pmc: PMC2553751pubmed: 18755834google scholar: lookup
  62. Nazar RN, Lo AC, Wildeman AG, Sitz TO. Effect of 2′-O-methylation on the structure of mammalian 5.8S rRNAs and the 5.8S-28S rRNA junction.. Nucleic Acids Res (1983) 11:5989–6001.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/11.17.5989pmc: PMC326331pubmed: 6412214google scholar: lookup
  63. Bennike T, Ayturk U, Haslauer CM, Froehlich JW, Proffen BL, Barnaby O. A normative study of the synovial fluid proteome from healthy porcine knee joints.. J Proteome Res (2014) 13:4377–87.
    doi: 10.1021/pr500587xpmc: PMC4184458pubmed: 25160569google scholar: lookup
  64. Housmans BAC, Neefjes M, Surtel DAM, Vitík M, Cremers A, van Rhijn LW. Synovial fluid from end-stage osteoarthritis induces proliferation and fibrosis of articular chondrocytes via MAPK and RhoGTPase signaling.. Osteoarthritis Cartil (2022) 30:862–74.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.12.015pubmed: 35176481google scholar: lookup
  65. Housmans BAC, van den Akker GGH, Neefjes M, Timur UT, Cremers A, Peffers MJ. Direct comparison of non-osteoarthritic and osteoarthritic synovial fluid-induced intracellular chondrocyte signaling and phenotype changes.. Osteoarthritis Cartil (2023) 31:60–71.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.09.004pubmed: 36150677google scholar: lookup
  66. Ingale D, Kulkarni P, Electricwala A, Moghe A, Kamyab S, Jagtap S. Synovium-synovial fluid axis in osteoarthritis pathology: a key regulator of the cartilage degradation process.. Genes (2021) 12:989.
    doi: 10.3390/genes12070989pmc: PMC8305855pubmed: 34209473google scholar: lookup
  67. Erales J, Marchand V, Panthu B, Gillot S, Belin S, Ghayad SE. Evidence for rRNA 2′-o-methylation plasticity: control of intrinsic translational capabilities of human ribosomes.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2017) 114:12934–9.
    doi: 10.1073/pnas.1707674114pmc: PMC5724255pubmed: 29158377google scholar: lookup
  68. Krogh N, Jansson MD, Häfner SJ, Tehler D, Birkedal U, Christensen-Dalsgaard M. Profiling of 2′-O-Me in human rRNA reveals a subset of fractionally modified positions and provides evidence for ribosome heterogeneity.. Nucleic Acids Res (2016) 44:7884–95.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw482pmc: PMC5027482pubmed: 27257078google scholar: lookup
  69. Marchand V, Blanloeil-Oillo F, Helm M, Motorin Y. Illumina-based RiboMethSeq approach for mapping of 2′-O-Me residues in RNA.. Nucleic Acids Res (2016) 44:e135.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw547pmc: PMC5027498pubmed: 27302133google scholar: lookup
  70. Marchand V, Pichot F, Neybecker P, Ayadi L, Bourguignon-Igel V, Wacheul L. HydraPsiSeq: a method for systematic and quantitative mapping of pseudouridines in RNA.. Nucleic Acids Res (2020) 48:e110.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa769pmc: PMC7641733pubmed: 32976574google scholar: lookup
  71. Im GI, Moon JY. Emerging concepts of endotypes/phenotypes in regenerative medicine for osteoarthritis.. Tissue Eng Regen Med (2022) 19:321–4.
    doi: 10.1007/s13770-021-00397-2pmc: PMC8971261pubmed: 34674181google scholar: lookup
  72. Temaj G, Chichiarelli S, Eufemi M, Altieri F, Hadziselimovic R, Farooqi AA. Ribosome-directed therapies in cancer.. Biomedicines (2022) 10:2088.
    doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10092088pmc: PMC9495564pubmed: 36140189google scholar: lookup
  73. Haas M, Vlcek V, Balabanov P, Salmonson T, Bakchine S, Markey G. European medicines agency review of ataluren for the treatment of ambulant patients aged 5 years and older with duchenne muscular dystrophy resulting from a nonsense mutation in the dystrophin gene.. Neuromuscul Disord (2015) 25:5–13.
    doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.11.011pubmed: 25497400google scholar: lookup
  74. Michael E, Sofou K, Wahlgren L, Kroksmark AK, Tulinius M. Long term treatment with ataluren-the Swedish experience.. BMC Musculoskelet Disord (2021) 22:837.
    doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04700-zpmc: PMC8485550pubmed: 34592975google scholar: lookup
  75. Siddiqui N, Sonenberg N. Proposing a mechanism of action for ataluren.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2016) 113:12353–5.
    doi: 10.1073/pnas.1615548113pmc: PMC5098668pubmed: 27791186google scholar: lookup
  76. Jiang SL, Mo JL, Peng J, Lei L, Yin JY, Zhou HH. Targeting translation regulators improves cancer therapy.. Genomics (2021) 113:1247–56.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.11.011pubmed: 33189778google scholar: lookup
  77. Gilles A, Frechin L, Natchiar K, Biondani G, Loeffelholz OV, Holvec S. Targeting the human 80s ribosome in cancer: from structure to function and drug design for innovative adjuvant therapeutic strategies.. Cells (2020) 9:629.
    doi: 10.3390/cells9030629pmc: PMC7140421pubmed: 32151059google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Smith MM, Melrose J. COMP Is a Biomarker of Cartilage Destruction, Extracellular Matrix and Vascular Remodeling and Tissue Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2025 Sep 19;26(18).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms26189182pubmed: 41009743google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,658 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.