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ISRN veterinary science2014; 2014; 409547; doi: 10.1155/2014/409547

Expression and regulation of facilitative glucose transporters in equine insulin-sensitive tissue: from physiology to pathology.

Abstract: Glucose uptake is the rate-limiting step in glucose utilization in mammalians and is tightly regulated by a family of specialized proteins, called the facilitated glucose transporters (GLUTs/SLC2). GLUT4, the major isoform in insulin-responsive tissue, translocates from an intracellular pool to the cell surface and as such determines insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. However, despite intensive research over 50 years, the insulin-dependent and -independent pathways that mediate GLUT4 translocation are not fully elucidated in any species. Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the hallmarks of equine metabolic syndrome and is the most common metabolic predisposition for laminitis in horses. IR is characterized by the impaired ability of insulin to stimulate glucose disposal into insulin-sensitive tissues. Similar to other species, the functional capability of the insulin-responsive GLUTs is impaired in muscle and adipose tissue during IR in horses. However, the molecular mechanisms of altered glucose transport remain elusive in all species, and there is still much to learn about the physiological and pathophysiological functions of the GLUT family members, especially in regard to class III. Since GLUTs are key regulators of whole-body glucose homeostasis, they have received considerable attention as potential therapeutic targets to treat metabolic disorders in human and equine patients.
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Publication Date: 2014-03-04 PubMed ID: 24977043PubMed Central: PMC4060548DOI: 10.1155/2014/409547Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The abstract discusses glucose uptake and its regulation by facilitated glucose transporters (GLUTs/SLC2) in mammals, mainly focusing on horses. It highlights the central role of GLUT4, a transporter protein, in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the insulin-dependent and -independent pathways that mediate its functioning, and how this process becomes impaired in conditions like insulin resistance (IR), a common issue linked to metabolic disorders in horses.

Understanding Glucose Uptake and GLUTs

  • The article puts its primary focus on glucose uptake, which is the process of taking in glucose from the bloodstream into the body tissues. This process is critical for glucose utilization and is regulated by a family of proteins known as facilitated glucose transporters (GLUTs/SLC2).
  • Among this family of transport proteins, GLUT4 is highlighted as the major version present in insulin-responsive tissues. GLUT4’s function is to move from inside the cell to the cell surface, a process responsible for insulin-stirred glucose uptake.
  • Despite extensive research over the past five decades, the article points out that the specific pathways—both those dependent on and independent of insulin—that mediate GLUT4’s function are not fully understood in any species.

Insulin Resistance & GLUTs

  • The abstract introduces insulin resistance (IR) as a primary characteristic of the equine metabolic syndrome, a disease condition affecting horses. Horses with IR are identified through their inability to efficiently use insulin to dispose of glucose into insulin-sensitive tissues.
  • Just like in other species, horses with IR exhibit a reduced ability of the insulin-responsive GLUTs to function effectively in muscle and fat tissues. Yet, the molecular underpinnings of this compromised glucose transport remain a mystery across all species.
  • The paper further suggests that there is more to be understood about the physiological and pathological functions of different kinds of GLUTs, particularly regarding class III.

GLUTs as Therapeutic Targets

  • Finally, the paper mentions that given the central role GLUTs play in maintaining glucose balance in the body, they are often considered promising therapeutic targets for treating metabolic disorders in both human and equine patients.

Cite This Article

APA
Lacombe VA. (2014). Expression and regulation of facilitative glucose transporters in equine insulin-sensitive tissue: from physiology to pathology. ISRN Vet Sci, 2014, 409547. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/409547

Publication

ISRN veterinary science
ISSN: 2090-4452
NlmUniqueID: 101568322
Country: Egypt
Language: English
Volume: 2014
Pages: 409547
PII: 409547

Researcher Affiliations

Lacombe, Véronique A
  • Department of Physiology Sciences, Center of Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.

Grant Funding

  • K01 RR023083 / NCRR NIH HHS

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