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Proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine gene expression profiles in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots of insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive light breed horses.
Abstract: Insulin resistance has been associated with risk of laminitis in horses. Genes coding for proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are expressed more in visceral adipose tissue than in subcutaneous adipose tissue of insulin-resistant (IR) humans and rodents. Objective: To investigate adipose depot-specific cytokine and chemokine gene expression in horses and its relationship to insulin sensitivity (SI). Methods: Eleven light breed mares. Methods: Animals were classified as IR (SI=0.58+/-0.31x10(-4) L/min/mU; n=5) or insulin sensitive (IS; SI=2.59+/-1.21x10(-4) L/min/mU; n=6) based on results of a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Omental, retroperitoneal, and mesocolonic fat was collected by ventral midline celiotomy; incisional nuchal ligament and tail head adipose tissue biopsy specimens were collected concurrently. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in each depot was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance for repeated measures (P<.05). Results: No differences in TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, PAI-1, or MCP-1 mRNA concentrations were noted between IR and IS groups for each depot. Concentrations of mRNA coding for IL-1beta (P=.0005) and IL-6 (P=.004) were significantly higher in nuchal ligament adipose tissue than in other depots. Conclusions: These data suggest that the nuchal ligament depot has unique biological behavior in the horse and is more likely to adopt an inflammatory phenotype than other depots examined. Visceral fat may not contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-related disorders in the horse as in other species.
Publication Date: 2010-07-24 PubMed ID: 20649750DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0551.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study analyzes the expression of genes related to inflammation in various fat reserves of insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant horses, leading to the conclusion that the nuchal ligament fat reserve has a unique behavior in presenting an inflammatory profile and challenging the assumption that visceral fat contributes to obesity-related disorders in horses.
Objective and Methodology
- The primary goal of the study was to investigate specific cytokine and chemokine gene expressions (the genes which code for proinflammatory substances such as cytokines and chemokines) in horses, concerning different adipose depots. Adipose depots are essentially the body’s fat storage areas.
- The study featured eleven light breed mares, which were divided into two groups based on insulin sensitivity; five were insulin-resistant (IR) and six were insulin-sensitive (IS).
- The horse’s insulin sensitivity was measured by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test.
- Ventral midline celiotomy was performed to obtain omental, retroperitoneal, and mesocolonic fat. Additionally, incisional nuchal ligament and tail head adipose tissue biopsy specimens were also collected.
- The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in each fat depot was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Findings
- No significant differences were observed in the gene expression coding for proinflammatory substances between the IR and IS groups in each fat depot.
- Notably, the expressions for IL-1beta and IL-6 were significantly higher in the nuchal ligament adipose tissue than in other fat reserves.
Conclusion
- Results suggest that, unlike in other species, visceral fat in horses may not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related disorders.
- The study challenges the assumption that proinflammatory genes are expressed more in visceral adipose tissue than in subcutaneous adipose tissue of insulin-resistant individuals.
- The data insinuates that the nuchal ligament depot in horses adopted a more inflammatory phenotype. This find is unique among the depots examined, suggesting that this specific fat reserve may hold a unique biological behavior within the horse’s system.
Cite This Article
APA
Burns TA, Geor RJ, Mudge MC, McCutcheon LJ, Hinchcliff KW, Belknap JK.
(2010).
Proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine gene expression profiles in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots of insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive light breed horses.
J Vet Intern Med, 24(4), 932-939.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0551.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Adipose Tissue / drug effects
- Adipose Tissue / metabolism
- Animals
- Cytokines / genetics
- Cytokines / metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation / physiology
- Horses / genetics
- Horses / physiology
- Insulin / metabolism
- Insulin / pharmacology
- Insulin Resistance / genetics
Citations
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