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Frontiers in veterinary science2020; 7; 589367; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.589367

Expression of Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 During Colon Volvulus in the Horse.

Abstract: Large colon volvulus in horses is associated with a poor prognosis, especially when ischemic-reperfusion injury of the affected intestinal tract develops. Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution and expression of PAR2 in colonic pelvic flexure of horses spontaneously affected by large colon volvulus (CVH group). Eight horses admitted for severe abdominal colon volvolus and which underwent surgery were included. Colon samples were collected after enterotomy. Data previously obtained from healthy horses were used as a control group. Histologic evaluation was carried out to grade the severity of the colon lesions. Immunofluorescence, western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were carried out on colon samples to evaluate PAR2 expression. In addition, the transcriptional profile of cytokines and chemokines was evaluated using RT2 Profiler™ PCR Array Horse Cytokines & Chemokines. Three out of the eight patients were euthanised due to clinical deterioration. Immunostaining for PAR2 was observed in the enterocytes, intestinal glands and neurons of the submucosal and myenteric plexi. In the CVH horses, the expression of PAR2 mesenger RNA (mRNA) did not differ significantly from that of the healthy animals; western blots of the mucosa of the colon tracts showed a clear band of the expected molecular weight for PAR2 (~44 kDa) and a band smaller than the expected molecular weight for PAR2 (25kDa), suggesting its activation. The gene expressions for C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1); interleukin 8 (IL8), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 beta (MIP-2BETA) were upregulated in the colic horses as compared with the colons of the healthy horses. Therefore, in the present study, the expression and activation of PAR2 in the colons of horses in the presence of an inflammatory reaction like that occurring in those with spontaneous colon volvulus was confirmed.
Copyright © 2020 Lambertini, Zannoni, Romagnoli, Bombardi, Morini, Dondi, Bernardini, Forni, Rinnovati and Spadari.
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Publication Date: 2020-11-27 PubMed ID: 33330716PubMed Central: PMC7728609DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.589367Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper is about a study into the Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR) involvement in colonic inflammation during colon volvulus in horses, using techniques such as histologic evaluation, immunofluorescence, and western blot assessments.

Objective of the Study

The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution and expression of Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR) in colonic pelvic flexure in horses affected by large colon volvulus. This research sought to provide insights into the role of PAR in the inflammation processes in the equine gastrointestinal tract.

Sample Collection and Grouping

  • Eight horses suffering from severe abdominal colon volvulus were included in the study. During the surgery, samples of the colon were collected after enterotomy.
  • Data from healthy horses was used as a control group for comparative analysis.

Method of Evaluation

  • Researchers used histological evaluations to assess the severity of colonic lesions in the seized samples.
  • Immunofluorescence, western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were performed to evaluate the distribution and the level of expression of PAR.
  • The transcriptional profiling of cytokines and chemokines was done using RT Profiler™ PCR Array Horse Cytokines & Chemokines to compare between the healthy and colic horses.

Key Findings

  • PAR immunostaining was detected in the enterocytes, intestinal glands, and neurons of the submucosal and myenteric plexi. There was no significant difference in the expression of PAR mRNA between the colon volvulus horses and healthy animals.
  • The western blot analysis of the colon’s mucosa showed clear bands of the expected molecular weight for PAR and a smaller band suggesting PAR activation.
  • The study found an uptick in the gene expressions for C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1); interleukin 8 (IL8), and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 beta (MIP-2BETA) in the colic horses compared to healthy counterparts.

Conclusion of the Study

The study concluded by confirming the expression and activation of PAR in the colons of horses when there is an inflammatory reaction such as occurs in horses with spontaneous colon volvulus. This indicates a significant role of PAR in inflammation in colon volvulus cases.

Cite This Article

APA
Lambertini C, Zannoni A, Romagnoli N, Bombardi C, Morini M, Dondi F, Bernardini C, Forni M, Rinnovati R, Spadari A. (2020). Expression of Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 During Colon Volvulus in the Horse. Front Vet Sci, 7, 589367. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.589367

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 589367

Researcher Affiliations

Lambertini, Carlotta
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Zannoni, Augusta
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Romagnoli, Noemi
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Bombardi, Cristiano
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Morini, Maria
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Dondi, Francesco
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Bernardini, Chiara
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Forni, Monica
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Rinnovati, Riccardo
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Spadari, Alessandro
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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