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Equine veterinary journal2021; 54(6); 1133-1143; doi: 10.1111/evj.13537

Extracellular vesicles from equine mesenchymal stem cells decrease inflammation markers in chondrocytes in vitro.

Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used therapeutically in equine medicine. MSCs release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which affect cell processes by inhibiting cell apoptosis and regulating inflammation. To date, little is known about equine EVs and their regenerative properties. Objective: To characterise equine MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and evaluate their effect on equine chondrocytes treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Methods: In vitro experiments with randomised complete block design. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and synovial fluid were cultured in vitro. The MSC culture medium was centrifuged and filtered. Isolated particles were analysed for size and concentration (total number of particles per mL). Transmission electron microscopy analysis was performed to evaluate the morphology and CD9 expression of the particles. Chondrocytes from healthy equines were treated with the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. MSC-derived EVs from bone marrow and synovial fluid cells were added as co-treatments in vitro. Gene expression analysis by real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the effects of EVs. Results: The particles isolated from MSCs derived from different tissues did not differ significantly in size and concentration. The particles had a round-like shape and positively expressed CD9. EVs from bone marrow cells displayed reduced expression of metalloproteinase-13. Conclusions: Sample size and characterisation of the content of EVs. Conclusions: EVs isolated from equine bone marrow MSCs reduced metalloproteinase 13 gene expression; this gene encodes an enzyme related to cartilage degradation in inflamed chondrocytes in vitro. EVs derived from MSCs can reduce inflammation and could potentially be used as an adjuvant treatment to improve tissue and cartilage repair in the articular pathologies.
© 2021 The Authors. Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2021-11-24 PubMed ID: 34741769PubMed Central: PMC9787580DOI: 10.1111/evj.13537Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article studies how extracellular vesicles, or tiny particles released by equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), can reduce inflammation markers in horse’s cartilage cells in laboratory conditions.

Objectives

The main purpose of this study was to learn more about the characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The researchers also wanted to observe how these vesicles impacted equine chondrocytes, or cartilage cells, once they were exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines in a lab setting.

Methodology

  • The researchers isolated MSCs from horse bone marrow, fat tissue, and synovial fluid, and then grew them in a lab.
  • The growth medium for the MSCs was then put through a process of centrifugation and filtration to separate and collect the EVs.
  • These isolated vesicles were analyzed for their size, concentration, and shape using transmission electron microscopy.
  • Equine chondrocytes, treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, were exposed to the EVs.
  • Gene expression analysis was performed using real-time PCR to assess the impact of the EVs.

Results

  • The researchers found that the EVs from the MSCs derived from different tissues were similar in size and concentration.
  • The EVs exhibited a rounded shape and were positive for CD9, a protein often found on the surface of EVs.
  • In particular, EVs from bone marrow cells exhibited reduced expression of metalloproteinase-13, a gene that codes for an enzyme linked to cartilage degradation in inflamed chondrocytes.

Conclusions

The researchers concluded that EVs isolated from horse bone marrow MSCs were able to significantly reduce the expression of the metalloproteinase-13 gene in laboratory conditions. This suggests that these EVs might help to alleviate inflammation in horse cartilage cells. This discovery can potentially introduce new treatment approaches for improving tissue and cartilage repair in equines with articular pathologies.

Cite This Article

APA
Arévalo-Turrubiarte M, Baratta M, Ponti G, Chiaradia E, Martignani E. (2021). Extracellular vesicles from equine mesenchymal stem cells decrease inflammation markers in chondrocytes in vitro. Equine Vet J, 54(6), 1133-1143. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13537

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 54
Issue: 6
Pages: 1133-1143

Researcher Affiliations

Arévalo-Turrubiarte, Magdalena
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Baratta, Mario
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
  • Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Ponti, Giovanna
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Chiaradia, Elisabetta
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Martignani, Eugenio
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Chondrocytes / metabolism
  • Cytokines / genetics
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Extracellular Vesicles / metabolism
  • Horse Diseases / metabolism
  • Horse Diseases / therapy
  • Horses
  • Inflammation / metabolism
  • Inflammation / veterinary
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / pharmacology

Grant Funding

  • Universitu00e0 degli Studi di Torino

Conflict of Interest Statement

No competing interests have been declared.

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