Factors related to the time of fixation of the conceptus in mares.
Abstract: The temporal relationships among day of conceptus fixation (cessation of mobility), conceptus diameter, uterine tone, uterine contractility, and myometrial and endometrial thickness of the middle and caudal segments of the uterine horns were assessed in 13 pony mares with fixation in the caudal segment of a uterine horn. The mean day of fixation (14.9 +/- 0.3) was established by 2-h mobility trials. Uterine tone increased (P < 0.0001) gradually over Days 11 to 21, whereas uterine contractility decreased (P < 0.0001) between Days 14 and 18. The diameter of the spherical embryonic vesicle increased (P < 0.0001) between Days 11 and 17. The day of fixation and vesicle diameter on Day 14 were negatively correlated (r = -0.9, P < 0.007); the larger the vesicle, the earlier fixation occurred. Each of 4 uterine-horn diameters (endometrium and endometrium plus myometrium of middle and caudal segments) decreased (P < 0.0001) correspondingly over Days 11 to 21. On the day of fixation conceptus diameter (21.5 +/- 1.0 mm) was similar to endometrial diameter (21.1 +/- 0.4 mm) at the caudal segment. The endometrial diameter represents the distance between the inner opposite walls of the myometrium. The percentage of change between the day before and day of fixation was greater for the conceptus (18.1% increase) than for the endometrial diameter at the caudal segment (1.0% decrease). The results suggest that fixation occurred when the mobile and growing conceptus attained, on the average, a diameter equivalent to the distance between opposite inner myometrial walls at the caudal segment. The uterus became turgid by this time and presumably did not expand adequately to accommodate continued mobility of the expanding conceptus.
Publication Date: 1996-11-01 PubMed ID: 16727980DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(96)00288-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research discusses timing factors associated with the “fixation” stage in mares’ pregnancy, which is the point where the embryo stops moving and settles into a position in the uterus. Various elements were observed including the size and growth rate of the embryo, uterine muscle thickness and tightness, and uterine contractions. Findings suggested that fixation occurs when the size of the embryo matches the size of the inner uterine wall at the bottom segment, indicating that the uterus is becoming too snug for further movement.
Understanding Pregnancy in Mares
- The study involved 13 pony mares and sought to understand the timing of conceptus fixation, which is when the embryo ceases movement and takes stable position in the uterus. This is a crucial point in the journey of reproduction for horses.
- The research closely examined the correlation and timing of several elements such as: the day of fixation and the diameter of conceptus, the tone and contractility of the uterus, and both the myometrial (muscular layer of the uterus) and endometrial (lining of the uterus) thickness of the middle and bottom segments of the uterine horns.
Key Findings
- The average day of fixation was found to be around the 15th day, determined by two-hour mobility trials.
- From days 11 to 21, uterine tone progressively increased, while uterine contractility showed a decrease between the 14th and 18th days.
- In the same timeframe between days 11 and 17, researchers observed a significant increase in the diameter of the embryonic vesicle (the liquid-filled cavity inside the embryo).
- The research found a negative correlation between the day of fixation and vesicle diameter on Day 14, suggesting that the larger the embryonic vesicle, the earlier the fixation occurred.
- All four uterine-horn diameters under observation decreased correspondingly from days 11 to 21.
Significance of the Study
- Suggestive of its name, the ‘fixation’ stage in the horse pregnancy period is when the once mobile and growing embryonic vesicle settles or ‘fixes’ into a position within the uterus. This foundational study points to the possibility of the fixation occurring when the diameter of the embryo attains the size equivalent to the distance between the inner walls of the uterus at the lower, or caudal, segment.
- This study also provides the important insight that at the time of fixation, the uterus becomes turgid and potentially unable to adequately expand for the growing conceptus, hence ending its mobility.
Cite This Article
APA
Gastal MO, Gastal EL, Kot K, Ginther OJ.
(1996).
Factors related to the time of fixation of the conceptus in mares.
Theriogenology, 46(7), 1171-1180.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(96)00288-9 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1655 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Tachibana Y, Sakurai T, Bai H, Shiota K, Nambo Y, Nagaoka K, Imakawa K. RNA-seq analysis of equine conceptus transcripts during embryo fixation and capsule disappearance.. PLoS One 2014;9(12):e114414.
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