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BMC microbiology2015; 15; 181; doi: 10.1186/s12866-015-0514-5

Faecal microbiota characterisation of horses using 16 rdna barcoded pyrosequencing, and carriage rate of clostridium difficile at hospital admission.

Abstract: The equine faecal microbiota is very complex and remains largely unknown, while interspecies interactions have an important contribution to animal health. Clostridium difficile has been identified as an important cause of diarrhoea in horses. This study provides further information on the nature of the bacterial communities present in horses developing an episode of diarrhoea. The prevalence of C. difficile in hospitalised horses at the time of admission is also reported. Results: Bacterial diversity of the gut microbiota in diarrhoea is lower than that in non-diarrhoeic horses in terms of species richness (p-value <0.002) and in population evenness (p-value: 0.02). Statistical differences for Actinobacillus, Porphyromonas, RC9 group, Roseburia and Ruminococcaceae were revealed. Fusobacteria was found in horses with diarrhoea but not in any of the horses with non-diarrheic faeces. In contrast, Akkermansia was among the three predominant taxa in all of the horses studied. The overall prevalence of C. difficile in the total samples of hospitalised horses at admission was 3.7 % (5/134), with five different PCR-ribotypes identified, including PCR-ribotype 014. Two colonised horses displayed a decreased bacterial species richness compared to the remaining subjects studied, which shared the same Bacteroides genus. However, none of the positive animals had diarrhoea at the moment of sampling. Conclusions: The abundance of some taxa in the faecal microbiota of diarrhoeic horses can be a result of microbiome dysbiosis, and therefore a cause of intestinal disease, or some of these taxa may act as equine enteric pathogens. Clostridium difficile colonisation seems to be transient in all of the horses studied, without overgrowth to trigger infection. A large proportion of the sequences were unclassified, showing the complexity of horses' faecal microbiota.
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Publication Date: 2015-09-16 PubMed ID: 26377067PubMed Central: PMC4573688DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0514-5Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article investigates the composition of bacterial communities in horse feces and their relation to diarrhea and the presence of bacteria Clostridium difficile. The results indicate that a state of diarrhea in horses is associated with reduced diversity in the fecal microbiota and certain bacterial species being more prevalent. The study also finds that the presence of C. difficile in horses is transitory and not necessarily linked to diarrhea.

Introduction

  • The study focuses on understanding more about the bacteria present in horse feces (faecal microbiota), with particular emphasis on the bacterial diversity during instances of diarrhea and the presence of the bacteria Clostridium difficile.

Research Objective

  • The purpose of the research is to gain insights into the specific bacteria types populating horse feces, their relationship with the condition of diarrhea, and to investigate the prevalence of C. difficile bacteria in horses admitted to a hospital.

Research Findings

  • Researchers found that bacterial diversity in diarrheic horses feces is lower than that in non-diarrheic horses, both in terms of species richness and population evenness. This implies that a lack of equilibrium amongst different species of bacteria in the gut can possibly lead to intestinal disease in horses.
  • They also discovered distinctive distinctions in certain bacterial types, such as Actinobacillus, Porphyromonas, RC9 group, Roseburia, and Ruminococcaceae, and Fusobacteria.
  • It was found that the bacteria Akkermansia was a common presence amongst all studied horses, regardless of the existence of diarrhea.
  • The research revealed that the overall prevalence of C. difficile in hospitalised horses upon admission was 3.7%.
  • The five PCR-ribotypes identified includes PCR-ribotype 014 and Bacteroides genus.
  • However, it was noted that the presence of C. difficile didn’t correlate with instances of diarrhea in the horses during the study period.

Conclusions

  • The high level of particular species in horse feces during instances of diarrhea might be due to a case of dysbiosis or an overpopulation of certain bacteria types which could lead to illness. However, it’s also possible that these bacterial types might be acting as pathogens, causing the intestinal disease.
  • The colonization of C. difficile bacteria appears to be transitory and doesn’t lead to any obvious disease or distress in the horses. Further studies may be needed to explain its role in equine gut health.
  • A considerable percentage of the bacterial sequences remained unclassified, which emphasizes the complexities of horse faecal microbiota.

Cite This Article

APA
Rodriguez C, Taminiau B, Brévers B, Avesani V, Van Broeck J, Leroux A, Gallot M, Bruwier A, Amory H, Delmée M, Daube G. (2015). Faecal microbiota characterisation of horses using 16 rdna barcoded pyrosequencing, and carriage rate of clostridium difficile at hospital admission. BMC Microbiol, 15, 181. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0514-5

Publication

BMC microbiology
ISSN: 1471-2180
NlmUniqueID: 100966981
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 15
Pages: 181
PII: 181

Researcher Affiliations

Rodriguez, Cristina
  • Food Science Department, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. c.rodriguez@ulg.ac.be.
Taminiau, Bernard
  • Food Science Department, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. bernard.taminiau@ulg.ac.be.
Brévers, Bastien
  • Food Science Department, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. bastien.brevers@student.hepl.be.
Avesani, Véronique
  • Microbiology Unit, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. veronique.avesani@uclouvain.be.
Van Broeck, Johan
  • Microbiology Unit, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. johan.vanbroeck@uclouvain.be.
Leroux, Aurélia
  • Equine Teaching Hospital, Clinical Department of Companion Animals and Equids, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. aurelia.leroux@ulg.ac.be.
Gallot, Marjorie
  • Food Science Department, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. marjonneur@hotmail.com.
Bruwier, Antoine
  • Food Science Department, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. bruwierantoine@hotmail.com.
Amory, Hélene
  • Equine Teaching Hospital, Clinical Department of Companion Animals and Equids, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. helene.amory@ulg.ac.be.
Delmée, Michel
  • Microbiology Unit, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. michel.delmee@uclouvain.be.
Daube, Georges
  • Food Science Department, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. georges.daube@ulg.ac.be.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Carrier State / epidemiology
  • Carrier State / microbiology
  • Carrier State / veterinary
  • Clostridioides difficile / isolation & purification
  • Cluster Analysis
  • DNA, Bacterial / chemistry
  • DNA, Bacterial / genetics
  • DNA, Ribosomal / chemistry
  • DNA, Ribosomal / genetics
  • Diarrhea / epidemiology
  • Diarrhea / microbiology
  • Diarrhea / veterinary
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Female
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses / microbiology
  • Hospitals, Animal
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Phylogeny
  • Prevalence
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA

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