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Home / Equine Research Bank / Sci Rep / Fatty acid fingerprints in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and ...
Scientific reports2023; 13(1); 9821; doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-36697-x

Fatty acid fingerprints in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and its extracellular vesicles reflect equine asthma severity.

Abstract: Equine asthma (EA) is an inflammatory disease of the lower airways driven by mediators released from cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vehicles for lipid mediators, which possess either pro-inflammatory or dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving functions. In this study, we investigated how the respiratory fatty acid (FA) profile reflects airway inflammatory status. The FA composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), BALF supernatant, and bronchoalveolar EVs of healthy horses (n = 15) and horses with mild/moderate EA (n = 10) or severe EA (SEA, n = 5) was determined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The FA profiles distinguished samples with different diagnoses in all sample types, yet they were insufficient to predict the health status of uncategorized samples. Different individual FAs were responsible for the discrimination of the diagnoses in different sample types. Particularly, in the EVs of SEA horses the proportions of palmitic acid (16:0) decreased and those of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) increased, and all sample types of asthmatic horses had elevated dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) proportions. The results suggest simultaneous pro-inflammatory and resolving actions of FAs and a potential role for EVs as vehicles for lipid mediators in asthma pathogenesis. EV lipid manifestations of EA can offer translational targets to study asthma pathophysiology and treatment options.
© 2023. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2023-06-17 PubMed ID: 37330591PubMed Central: PMC10276833DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36697-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores how changes in respiratory fatty acid profiles can signal different levels of equine asthma severity. It highlights that certain fatty acids found in lung fluid and its extracellular vesicles can reflect inflammation due to asthma, potentially offering new targets for understanding and treating the disease.

Understanding Equine Asthma

  • Equine asthma is a disease affecting the lower airways of horses, causing inflammation. It is mainly driven by different cellular mediators.
  • This study focuses on the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in this disease. EVs are particles that transport lipid mediators, triggering multiple responses including inflammation.

Investigating Respiratory Fatty Acid Profile

  • The researchers investigated whether changes in respiratory fatty acids could indicate the degree of inflammation occurring in the airways.
  • Fatty acid composition in various parts of the horse’s bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was examined. BALF is a liquid that is used to wash, or lavage, the airways in the lung.
  • The profile of fatty acids was analyzed in healthy horses, and horses with mild to moderate and severe equine asthma.

Findings on Fatty Acids and Equine Asthma

  • Fatty acid profiles differed according to the diagnosed health status of the horses. However, these profiles alone couldn’t accurately predict the health status of undiagnosed samples.
  • The researchers discovered specific fatty acids contributing to different diagnoses. For instance, the proportion of palmitic acid was lower and eicosapentaenoic acid was higher in the EVs of horses with severe equine asthma.
  • Also, all asthmatic horses showed elevated levels of a specific fatty acid known as dihomo-γ-linolenic acid.

Implications of the Research

  • The results suggest a dual pro-inflammatory and resolving action of fatty acids. This likely indicates an ongoing fight between inflammation and resolution in affected horses.
  • The research also points towards a potential role for extracellular vesicles to act as carriers for lipid mediators in the development of asthma.
  • This new understanding could lead to the development of better diagnostic tools and treatments for equine asthma, as well as potential translation to human asthma studies.

Cite This Article

APA
Höglund N, Nieminen P, Mustonen AM, Käkelä R, Tollis S, Koho N, Holopainen M, Ruhanen H, Mykkänen A. (2023). Fatty acid fingerprints in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and its extracellular vesicles reflect equine asthma severity. Sci Rep, 13(1), 9821. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36697-x

Publication

Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
NlmUniqueID: 101563288
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 9821
PII: 9821

Researcher Affiliations

Höglund, Nina
  • Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. nina.m.hoglund@helsinki.fi.
Nieminen, Petteri
  • School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
Mustonen, Anne-Mari
  • School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
  • Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland.
Käkelä, Reijo
  • Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit, HiLIPID, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, and Biocenter Finland, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
  • Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Tollis, Sylvain
  • School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
Koho, Ninna
  • Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Holopainen, Minna
  • Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit, HiLIPID, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, and Biocenter Finland, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
  • Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Ruhanen, Hanna
  • Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit, HiLIPID, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, and Biocenter Finland, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
  • Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Mykkänen, Anna
  • Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / chemistry
  • Fatty Acids
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • Asthma / diagnosis
  • Asthma / veterinary
  • Extracellular Vesicles
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Bronchoalveolar Lavage

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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