First detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ST68 from hospitalized equines in Spain.
Abstract: Eight coagulase-positive staphylococci from equines with different pathologies obtained between 2005 and 2011 were investigated. Isolates were characterized by different molecular techniques (spa-, agr-, MLST), and clonal relatedness of strains was investigated by ApaI and SmaI PFGE. Anti-microbial resistance and virulence profiles were determined. Six isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, and two as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Of these, four isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ST398 and one S. pseudintermedius was mecA positive and typed as ST68. One MRSA ST398 strain was isolated in 2005 and might be one of the earliest MRSA ST398 descriptions in Spain. All 5 mecA-positive strains were multidrug resistant and were isolated from hospitalized equines. Three MRSA ST398 strains carried the recently described transposon Tn559 within the chromosomal radC gene. The mecA-positive S. pseudintermedius ST68 strain was also multidrug resistant and harboured the erm(B)-Tn5405-like element. This ST68 strain presented a clear susceptible phenotype to oxacillin and cefoxitin regardless of the presence of an integral and conserved mecA gene and mecA promoter, which enhances the need for testing the presence of this gene in routine analysis to avoid treatment failures. These data reflect the extended anti-microbial resistance gene acquisition capacities of both bacterial species and evidence their pathogenic properties. The first detection of MRSA ST398 and S. pseudintermedius ST68 in horses in Spain is reported.
© 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
Publication Date: 2013-06-17 PubMed ID: 23773775DOI: 10.1111/zph.12059Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research focused on identifying and understanding the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, two bacterial strains. The study expands the current knowledge on the propensity of these bacteria to resist multiple drugs and their ability to cause diseases, presenting the first detection of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ST398 and S. pseudintermedius ST68 in equines in Spain.
Research Methodology
- The study was conducted on eight staphylococci isolated from horses with different diseases, collected between 2005 and 2011.
- Several molecular techniques including spa-, agr-, MLST were used to characterize these isolates.
- Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) using the enzymes ApaI and SmaI was utilized to investigate the clonal relatedness of strains.
- The research also involved determining the antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of these bacterial isolates.
Research Findings
- Out of the eight isolates, six were identified as Staphylococcus aureus and two as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.
- Four of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates exhibited resistance to methicillin, classifying them as MRSA ST398.
- One of the isolates of S. pseudintermedius was found to contain the methicillin resistance gene mecA and was typed as ST68.
- Interestingly, one of the MRSA ST398 strains was isolated in 2005, which the authors suggest could be one of the earliest recorded descriptions of this strain in Spain.
Antibiotic Resistance
- All mecA-positive strains, including MRSA and S. pseudintermedius ST68, were found to be multidrug resistant and were isolated from horses that had been hospitalized.
- Three of the MRSA ST398 strains carried a transposon Tn559 within the radC gene. The radC gene is typically found in the bacterial chromosome.
- The mecA-positive S. pseudintermedius ST68 strain harbored the erm(B)-Tn5405-like element and presented a susceptible phenotype to oxacillin and cefoxitin despite the presence of the intact mecA gene and its promoter.
- This highlighted the importance of testing for the mecA gene during routine analysis to avert treatment failures.
Implications of Findings
- The findings demonstrate the potential of both bacterial species to acquire antimicrobial resistance gene. This is significant as it sheds light on their pathogenic properties and the challenges they pose to treatment efforts.
- The study concludes with the first reported detection of MRSA ST398 and S. pseudintermedius ST68 in horses in Spain, initiating the recognition of its prevalence in equine health within the country.
Cite This Article
APA
Gómez-Sanz E, Simón C, Ortega C, Gómez P, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Torres C.
(2013).
First detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ST68 from hospitalized equines in Spain.
Zoonoses Public Health, 61(3), 192-201.
https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12059 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Area Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
- Bacterial Proteins / genetics
- DNA Transposable Elements / genetics
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
- Equidae
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- Methicillin / pharmacology
- Methicillin Resistance
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / genetics
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / isolation & purification
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests / veterinary
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multilocus Sequence Typing / veterinary
- Oxacillin / pharmacology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA / veterinary
- Spain / epidemiology
- Species Specificity
- Staphylococcal Infections / epidemiology
- Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology
- Staphylococcal Infections / veterinary
- Staphylococcus / drug effects
- Staphylococcus / genetics
- Staphylococcus / isolation & purification
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Fernandez JE, Egli A, Overesch G, Perreten V. Time-calibrated phylogenetic and chromosomal mobilome analyses of Staphylococcus aureus CC398 reveal geographical and host-related evolution. Nat Commun 2024 Jul 1;15(1):5526.
- Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cattle and horses. EFSA J 2022 May;20(5):e07312.
- Göller PC, Elsener T, Lorgé D, Radulovic N, Bernardi V, Naumann A, Amri N, Khatchatourova E, Coutinho FH, Loessner MJ, Gómez-Sanz E. Multi-species host range of staphylococcal phages isolated from wastewater. Nat Commun 2021 Nov 29;12(1):6965.
- Ruiz-Ripa L, Simón C, Ceballos S, Ortega C, Zarazaga M, Torres C, Gómez-Sanz E. S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus lineages with transmission ability circulate as causative agents of infections in pets for years. BMC Vet Res 2021 Jan 21;17(1):42.
- Mama OM, Gómez P, Ruiz-Ripa L, Gómez-Sanz E, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence, and Genetic Lineages of Staphylococci from Horses Destined for Human Consumption: High Detection of S. aureus Isolates of Lineage ST1640 and Those Carrying the lukPQ Gene. Animals (Basel) 2019 Nov 1;9(11).
- Shah DH, Jones LP, Paul N, Davis MA. Draft Genome Sequences of 12 Clinical and Environmental Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strains Isolated from a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Washington State. Genome Announc 2018 Apr 12;6(15).
- Purves J, Thomas J, Riboldi GP, Zapotoczna M, Tarrant E, Andrew PW, Londoño A, Planet PJ, Geoghegan JA, Waldron KJ, Morrissey JA. A horizontally gene transferred copper resistance locus confers hyper-resistance to antibacterial copper toxicity and enables survival of community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 in macrophages. Environ Microbiol 2018 Apr;20(4):1576-1589.
- Koop G, Vrieling M, Storisteanu DM, Lok LS, Monie T, van Wigcheren G, Raisen C, Ba X, Gleadall N, Hadjirin N, Timmerman AJ, Wagenaar JA, Klunder HM, Fitzgerald JR, Zadoks R, Paterson GK, Torres C, Waller AS, Loeffler A, Loncaric I, Hoet AE, Bergström K, De Martino L, Pomba C, de Lencastre H, Ben Slama K, Gharsa H, Richardson EJ, Chilvers ER, de Haas C, van Kessel K, van Strijp JA, Harrison EM, Holmes MA. Identification of LukPQ, a novel, equid-adapted leukocidin of Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2017 Jan 20;7:40660.
- Pires Dos Santos T, Damborg P, Moodley A, Guardabassi L. Systematic Review on Global Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: Inference of Population Structure from Multilocus Sequence Typing Data. Front Microbiol 2016;7:1599.
- Lozano C, Gharsa H, Ben Slama K, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Staphylococcus aureus in Animals and Food: Methicillin Resistance, Prevalence and Population Structure. A Review in the African Continent. Microorganisms 2016 Feb 4;4(1).
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