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Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz2023; 118; e220220; doi: 10.1590/0074-02760220220

First report of Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis in South American territory and confirmation of Leishbunyavirus infecting this parasite in a mare.

Abstract: Epidemiological data related to leishmaniases or Leishmania infection in horses are scarce. However, studies carried out in different regions in the world showed equids parasitised by Leishmania braziliensis, L. infantum and L. martiniquensis. Objective: Identify the Leishmania species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in a mare, living in Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil), and search the presence of Leishmania viruses in the isolated parasite. Methods: Isoenzymes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting ITSrDNA region followed by sequencing were conducted for typing the isolated parasite. A search for Leishmania virus infection was also performed. Results: The mare presented skin nodules and ulcers in the left pinna caused by Leishmania spp. that was detected by culture and PCR. The parasite was identified as Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis, infected by Leishbunyavirus (LBV), representing the first description of this species in South America. The animal travelled to different Brazilian regions, but not to outside the country. Conclusions: The worldwide distribution of L. martiniquensis and its infection by LBV were confirmed in this study, indicating the autochthonous transmission cycle in Brazil. The clinical profile of the disease in the mare, showing fast spontaneous healing of cutaneous lesions, may indicate that skin lesions related to L. martiniquensis infection in horses might be underdiagnosed.
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Publication Date: 2023-05-15 PubMed ID: 37194810PubMed Central: PMC10194060DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220220Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article reveals the first evidence of the Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis parasite in South America, specifically found in a mare in Brazil, also infected with Leishbunyavirus. The study suggests that the local transmission cycle of L. martiniquensis and its Leishbunyavirus infection are active in Brazil.

Research Objective

  • Primarily, this study aimed to identify the species of Leishmania causing cutaneous leishmaniasis, a skin disease, in a mare in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.
  • Additionally, the research sought to detect any presence of Leishmania virus within the isolated parasite.

Methods

  • The researchers used isoenzymes and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA region. This strategy helped them type the isolated parasite.
  • A search for Leishmania virus infection was also conducted within the typed parasite.

Results

  • The mare showed skin nodes and ulcers on the left pinna caused by a Leishmania species, detected by culture and PCR.
  • The parasite was identified as Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis, which was also found to be infected by Leishbunyavirus (LBV). This identification marks the first report of this specific species in South America.
  • The mare had traveled across various regions in Brazil but never outside the country, suggesting local transmission of the Leishmania species and the virus.

Conclusions

  • This research confirmed a global spread of L. martiniquensis and its infection by LBV, signaling the autonomous transmission cycle in Brazil.
  • The clinical profile of the disease in the mare, which showed fast spontaneous healing of cutaneous lesions, may indicate underdiagnosis of skin lesions caused by L. martiniquensis infection in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Mendes Junior AAV, Filgueira CPB, Miranda LFC, de Almeida AB, Cantanhêde LM, Fagundes A, Pereira SA, Menezes RC, Cupolillo E. (2023). First report of Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis in South American territory and confirmation of Leishbunyavirus infecting this parasite in a mare. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 118, e220220. https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220220

Publication

Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
ISSN: 1678-8060
NlmUniqueID: 7502619
Country: Brazil
Language: English
Volume: 118
Pages: e220220
PII: e220220

Researcher Affiliations

Mendes Junior, Artur Augusto Velho
  • Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Filgueira, Camila Patrício Braga
  • Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Miranda, Luciana de Freitas Campos
  • Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
de Almeida, Adilson Benedito
  • Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Cantanhêde, Lilian Motta
  • Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fagundes, Aline
  • Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Pereira, Sandro Antônio
  • Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Menezes, Rodrigo Caldas
  • Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Cupolillo, Elisa
  • Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Leishmania / genetics
  • Parasites / genetics
  • Brazil / epidemiology
  • Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / parasitology
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction

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