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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Pathol / Flow cytometric analysis of equine bronchoalveolar lavage fl...
Veterinary pathology2021; 59(1); 91-99; doi: 10.1177/03009858211042588

Flow cytometric analysis of equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells in horses with and without severe equine asthma.

Abstract: Severe equine asthma (SEA) is a common, debilitating lower airway inflammatory disorder of older horses. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) survey inhaled particulates from barn sources causing them to switch from an anti-inflammatory to a proinflammatory phenotype, resulting in neutrophil recruitment to the lung. This proinflammatory switch may contribute to the development and prolongation of SEA. Validated antibodies to identify the cells involved in the pathogenesis of SEA are lacking. In this study, monoclonal antibodies against CD90, CD163, and CD206 were tested for reactivity with equine leukocytes by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. A multi-color flow cytometric assay was developed to identify leukocytes in equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Four control and 4 SEA-susceptible horses had BALF collected before and after a 48-hour moldy hay challenge. Antibodies against CD90 uniquely labeled equine neutrophils, and antibodies against CD163 and CD206 identified equine macrophages. Postchallenge AM surface expression of CD163 increased in both groups of horses, but the increase was statistically significant in only the SEA-susceptible group ( = .02). The surface expression of CD206 on AMs increased significantly in the SEA-susceptible group ( = .03) but was unchanged in the control group ( = .5). Increased expression of CD163 and CD206 during exacerbation of SEA suggested an association between AM phenotype and lung inflammation. However, functions of AMs in the pathogenesis of SEA remain to be elucidated.
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Publication Date: 2021-09-14 PubMed ID: 34521286PubMed Central: PMC8679174DOI: 10.1177/03009858211042588Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is about a study that looks into the role of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and their response to particulates from horse barns which may contribute to severe equine asthma (SEA). The researchers worked to develop a flow cytometry method and used specific antibodies to identify and analyze the inflammation markers in the lungs of horses susceptible to SEA.

Objective and Rationale of Research

  • The research was conducted to understand the link between certain immune cells in the horse’s lung (alveolar macrophages or AMs) and severe equine asthma (SEA), a common disease affecting older horses.
  • The researchers were especially interested in how AMs in the lungs respond to inhaled particles from horse barns and if their shift from anti-inflammatory to proinflammatory mode (which attracts more neutrophils to the lung) contributes to the development and continuation of SEA.
  • As there is a lack of validated antibodies that could precisely identify the cell types involved in SEA pathogenesis, this study tested three monoclonal antibodies for their reactions with equine leukocytes.

Research Methods

  • A multi-color flow cytometric assay was developed to detect leukocytes in equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), a fluid collected from the airways.
  • The study was performed on groups of horses – four SEA-susceptible horses and four control horses. BALF from these horses was collected before and after a 48-hour exposure to moldy hay, which is known to trigger SEA.
  • The antibodies against CD90, CD163, and CD206 were tested for their reaction with equine leukocytes using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry techniques. The aim was to determine whether these antibodies can identify specific immune cells in the horse lungs.

Findings and Conclusions

  • The antibodies against CD90 were found to label equine neutrophils while antibodies against CD163 and CD206 identified equine macrophages.
  • After the moldy hay challenge, an increase in CD163 surface expression was observed in AMs of both groups. However, the increase was significantly high only in the SEA-susceptible group suggesting a positive correlation between this macrophage marker and SEA.
  • There was a significant increase in the expression of CD206 macrophage marker on AMs in the SEA-susceptible group but not in the control group, further highlighting its role in SEA.
  • The research concluded that the increased expression of CD163 and CD206 during SEA exacerbation hinted at a connection between AM phenotype and lung inflammation. However, the exact functions of AMs in SEA pathogenesis need further investigation.

Cite This Article

APA
Kang H, Bienzle D, Lee GKC, Piché É, Viel L, Odemuyiwa SO, Beeler-Marfisi J. (2021). Flow cytometric analysis of equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells in horses with and without severe equine asthma. Vet Pathol, 59(1), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858211042588

Publication

Veterinary pathology
ISSN: 1544-2217
NlmUniqueID: 0312020
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 59
Issue: 1
Pages: 91-99

Researcher Affiliations

Kang, Heng
  • University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Bienzle, Dorothee
  • University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Lee, Gary Kwok Cheong
  • University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Piché, Érica
  • University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Viel, Laurent
  • University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Odemuyiwa, Solomon Olawole
  • University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
  • Current address: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Beeler-Marfisi, Janet
  • University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Asthma / veterinary
  • Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
  • Flow Cytometry / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Macrophages, Alveolar

Conflict of Interest Statement

The author(s) declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, or publication of this article.

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Citations

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