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Four novel papillomavirus sequences support a broad diversity among equine papillomaviruses.
Abstract: Papillomaviruses appear to be species-specific pathogens, and it was suggested that each animal species might harbour its own set of papillomaviruses. However, all approaches addressing the underlying evolutionary phenomena still suffer from very limited data about animal papillomaviruses. In case of the horse for example, only three equine papillomaviruses (EcPVs) have been identified. To further address the situation in this host, suspected papillomavirus-associated lesions were tested for EcPV DNA. Four novel EcPV types were detected and their genomes entirely cloned and sequenced. They display the characteristic organization, with early (E) and late (L) regions harbouring the seven classical open reading frames divided by non-coding regions. They were named EcPVs 4, 5, 6 and 7, according to their dissimilarity to other papillomaviruses. Most L1 nucleotide identities were shared with EcPV2 in case of EcPV4 (62 %) and EcPV5 (60 %) or with EcPV3 in case of EcPV6 (70 %) and EcPV7 (71 %). Thus, EcPVs 4 and 5 may establish novel species within the genus Dyoiota, while EcPVs 6 and 7 might fit into the genus Dyorho and belong to the same species as EcPV3. They were found in genital plaques (EcPV4), aural plaques (EcPV5, EcPV6) or penile masses (EcPV7). Interestingly, PCR analysis revealed the DNA of EcPV2 and EcPV4 as well as of EcPV3 and EcPV6 together in the same tissue samples, respectively. In conclusion, the DNA of four novel EcPV types was identified and cloned. They cluster with the known types and support broad genetic EcPV diversity in at least two of the known clades. Furthermore, PCR assays also provide evidence for EcPV co-infections in horses.
Publication Date: 2013-03-13 PubMed ID: 23486670DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.052092-0Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research reveals the discovery of four new types of Equine papillomaviruses (EcPVs), supporting the notion of a broad diversity amongst these horse-specific viruses. The findings provide deeper insight into the genetic diversity and possible co-infections of EcPVs in horses.
Understanding the Research
- The study begins by highlighting the perceived species-specific nature of papillomaviruses. These viruses typically only affect the species they are found in, suggesting that each animal could potentially have its own unique papillomaviruses. This study is particularly focused on horses and the Equine papillomaviruses (EcPVs) that affect them.
- Until this research, only three types of EcPVs were known. The researchers conduct this study to uncover further insight into the EcPVs that exist within horses, using lesions associated with suspected papillomavirus as their investigation medium.
- The researchers found four new types of EcPVs, labeled EcPV4 to EcPV7 based on their differences from the previously known papillomaviruses. These discovered EcPVs display the common papillomavirus organization structure, divided by non-coding regions into seven classical open reading frames housed within early (E) and late (L) regions.
Discovered EcPVs and Their Affiliations
- The discovered EcPVs showed different levels of genetic similarities to the known EcPVs. The nucleotide identity was shared the most with EcPV2 for EcPV4 (62%) and EcPV5 (60%), while for EcPV6 (70%) and EcPV7 (71%), it was EcPV3.
- Based on these observations, it’s suggested that EcPV4 and EcPV5 could establish new species within the Dyoiota genus, whereas EcPV6 and EcPV7 might fit into the Dyorho genus and belong to the same species as EcPV3.
- The respective papillomaviruses were found on genital plaques (EcPV4), aural plaques (EcPV5 & EcPV6), and penile masses (EcPV7).
Co-infections and Conclusions
- The study also found incidences where EcPV2 and EcPV4’s DNA, as well as EcPV3 and EcPV6’s DNA, were found together in the same tissue samples, suggesting co-infections are possible.
- The study concluded that the identification and cloning of the DNA of four new types of EcPVs adds knowledge about the broad genetic diversity present in at least two known EcPV clades.
- Additionally, the instances of co-infections further our understanding about horses’ susceptibility to multiple types of EcPVs.
Cite This Article
APA
Lange CE, Vetsch E, Ackermann M, Favrot C, Tobler K.
(2013).
Four novel papillomavirus sequences support a broad diversity among equine papillomaviruses.
J Gen Virol, 94(Pt 6), 1365-1372.
https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.052092-0 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Dermatology Department, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Dermatology Department, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Dermatology Department, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Genetic Variation
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Open Reading Frames
- Papillomaviridae / classification
- Papillomaviridae / genetics
- Papillomaviridae / isolation & purification
- Papillomavirus Infections / veterinary
- Papillomavirus Infections / virology
- Phylogeny
- Viral Proteins / genetics
Citations
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