Fractures of the greater tubercle of the humerus in horses: 15 cases (1986-2004).

This research undertook an examination of clinical and radiographic findings in horses with fractures of the greater tubercle of the humerus, discovering a new radiographic technique to pinpoint these fractures. By treatment, either surgical or rest and recovery, most horses were found able to return to athletic activity.

Objective and Methodology of the Study

• A retrospective study was carried out on horses with fractures of the greater tubercle of the humerus.
• The study aimed to pinpoint the clinical and radiographic irregularities present, investigate the results of using a new radiographic technique, and assess the outcome of these injuries and their treatment.
• Data for 15 horses was studied, including the horses’ details, their history, use, severity and duration of lameness, findings from radiographic and ultrasonographic scans, treatment, and eventual outcome.

Findings of the Study

• All the horses studied displayed a history of acute, one-sided lameness. Additionally, a large proportion of the horses (12 out of 15) had visible or palpable abnormalities in the shoulder region.
• Existing radiographic techniques could identify a fracture of the greater tubercle of the humerus in 2 out of 8 horses. However, 6 horses could only be correctly diagnosed using the newly developed cranioproximal-craniodistal projection of the proximal portion of the humerus.
• The treatment carried out was either surgical (in 10 cases), entailing fragment removal, open reduction and internal fixation or exploration without fragment removal, or recovery via varying periods of stall rest and turnout (in 5 cases).

Conclusions from the Research

• In the study, it was observed that a majority of the horses (11 out of 15), regardless of the type of treatment received, were able to regain athletic soundness post their recovery.
• The new radiographic technique, cranioproximal-craniodistal oblique projection, proved more effective in observing fractures of the greater tubercle of the humerus, underlying the importance of its use when such an injury is suspected.