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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Full-Length Genome of the Equine Influenza A Virus Subtype H...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(19); 2720; doi: 10.3390/ani12192720

Full-Length Genome of the Equine Influenza A Virus Subtype H3N8 from 2019 Outbreak in Saudi Arabia.

Abstract: Equine influenza is a major cause of respiratory infections in horses and can spread rapidly despite the availability of commercial vaccines. This study aimed to screen the incidence of equine influenza virus (EIV) and molecularly characterize the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase from positive EIV field samples collected from Saudi Arabia. Six-hundred twenty-one horses from 57 horse barns were screened for the presence of the clinical signs, suggestive for equine influenza, from different parts of Saudi Arabia. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from each horse showing respiratory distress. Samples from the same horse barn were pooled together and screened for the presence of the influenza A virus using quantitative real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Selective positive samples were subjected to full-length genome sequencing using MiSeq Illumina. Out of the total 57 pools, 39 were found positive to EIV using qRT-PCR. Full-length gene sequences were compared with representative EIV strains selected from the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA and NA genes revealed that the identified virus strains belong to H3N8 clade 1 of the Florida sublineage and were very similar to viruses identified in USA in 2019, with no current evidence for reassortment. This is one of the first reports providing detailed description and characterization of EIVs in Saudi Arabia. Detailed surveillance and genetic information sharing could allow genetic evolution of equine influenza viruses to be monitored more effectively on a global basis and aid in refinement of vaccine strain selection for EIV.
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Publication Date: 2022-10-10 PubMed ID: 36230462PubMed Central: PMC9558945DOI: 10.3390/ani12192720Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article discusses a study conducted to examine the incidence and molecular characteristics of equine influenza virus (EIV) in horses in Saudi Arabia. The results showed that several horses were positive for EIV, with the identified virus strains belonging to a particular subtype found to be similar to viruses identified in the USA in 2019.

Sampling and Collection

  • The researchers conducted a survey of 621 horses residing in 57 different horse barns across various parts of Saudi Arabia.
  • The main aim was to identify cases of equine influenza, a prominent respiratory infection affecting horses which can spread rapidly.
  • Nasopharyngeal swabs were gathered from every horse displaying respiratory distress, and samples from a single barn were grouped together for analysis.

Testing and Analysis

  • The collected samples were examined for the presence of the influenza A virus via quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
  • Out of 57 total sample pools, 39 were found to be positive for EIV.
  • Selected positive samples underwent full-length genome sequencing using MiSeq Illumina, a next-generation sequencing system.

Results and Comparison

  • The full-length gene sequences acquired from positive samples were compared with representative EIV strains from the GenBank database to identify relational links.
  • Through phylogenetic analysis of the HA and NA genes, it was determined that the virus strains found in Saudi Arabia belong to the H3N8 clade 1 of the Florida sublineage.
  • These strains were found to be similar to the ones identified in the USA in 2019, suggesting a commonality.

Significance and Implications

  • This study constitutes one of the earliest detailed descriptions and characterizations of EIVs in Saudi Arabia.
  • The results underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance and sharing of genetic information to more effectively monitor the genetic evolution of equine influenza viruses globally.
  • This could aid in refining the selection of vaccine strains for EIV, contributing to more effective prevention strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Alaql FA, Alhafufi AN, Kasem S, Alhammad YMO, Albaqshi H, Alyousaf A, Alsubaie FM, Alghamdi AN, Abdel-Moneim AS, Alharbi SA. (2022). Full-Length Genome of the Equine Influenza A Virus Subtype H3N8 from 2019 Outbreak in Saudi Arabia. Animals (Basel), 12(19), 2720. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192720

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 19
PII: 2720

Researcher Affiliations

Alaql, Fanan A
  • Virology and Genome Department in Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), P.O. Box 15831, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabi.
  • Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.
Alhafufi, Ali N
  • Virology and Genome Department in Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), P.O. Box 15831, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabi.
Kasem, Samy
  • Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, El Geish Street, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
Alhammad, Yousef M O
  • Virology and Genome Department in Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), P.O. Box 15831, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabi.
Albaqshi, Hassan
  • Virology and Genome Department in Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), P.O. Box 15831, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabi.
Alyousaf, Ameen
  • Virology and Genome Department in Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), P.O. Box 15831, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabi.
Alsubaie, Faisal M
  • Virology and Genome Department in Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), P.O. Box 15831, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabi.
Alghamdi, Ahmed N
  • Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
Abdel-Moneim, Ahmed S
  • Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
Alharbi, Sulaiman A
  • Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.

Grant Funding

  • TURSP-2020/284 / Taif University Researchers Supporting Program (TURSP-2020/284), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Dutta AK, Gazi MS, Uddin SJ. A systemic review on medicinal plants and their bioactive constituents against avian influenza and further confirmation through in-silico analysis.. Heliyon 2023 Mar;9(3):e14386.
    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14386pubmed: 36925514google scholar: lookup
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