Functional and morphologic pathology of equine aortic insufficiency.
Abstract: Twelve horses and 3 mules with grade II or louder prolonged diastolic murmurs were selected for functional and histopathologic study. Aortic insufficiency was demonstrated in all mules and in all except two horses on the basis of murmurs, jet lesions and/or pathologic and incompetent valve cusps. In 15 control animals lesions resulting in aortic insufficiency were not found.
A thick fibrous band was present on all aortic valve cusps judged to be definitely insufficient. This band occurred at the line of valvular closure, parallel to the free edge, and allowed eversion of the peripheral portion of the cusp. Endothelial covered villi were present on the ventricular surface of those valves with band lesions. There was fibroblastic proliferation in a rich ground substance within the villi, on the surface of the ventricularis and throughout all layers of the valve. A nodular lesion microscopically similar to nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis in man was also found on the ventricular surface. This lesion also involved all layers of the aortic leaflet with proliferation of fibrocytes and production of acid mucopolysaccharide ground substance and collagen fibers. The nodular lesions did not appear to contribute significantly to the insufficiency. Degeneration of elastic fibers and focal mineralization of the fibrosa were interpreted as senile degenerative changes.
Publication Date: 1966-01-01 PubMed ID: 4159578DOI: 10.1177/030098586600300203Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research is an examination of the anatomical and functional abnormalities in horses and mules suffering from aortic insufficiency, specifically in relation to distinctive murmur sounds and valve defects visible in their aortas.
Participant Selection
- The researchers selected fifteen animals – twelve horses and three mules – with symptoms of aortic insufficiency, specifically those exhibit grade II or louder prolonged diastolic murmurs.
- For comparative purposes, the study also included an additional fifteen control animals that showed no symptoms of aortic insufficiency.
Observations
- Upon examination, all mules and majority of the horses, precisely all except two, exhibited signs of aortic insufficiency. These symptoms were based on the presence of murmurs, jet lesions, and/or pathological and incompetent valve cusps.
- In all defective aortic valves, the presence of a thick fibrous band was observed. Located at the line of valvular closure and parallel to the free edge, this band resulted in the eversion, or flipping outwards, of the outermost part of the valve cusp.
- Growth of endothelial-covered villi was detected on the ventricular surface of valves with band lesions as part of the body’s natural response to injury or inflammation. There was also a fibroblastic proliferation in a rich ground substance within these villi and on the surface of the ventricularis, involving all layers of the valve.
- The existence of nodular lesions within the aortic leaflet was also reported. Being similar to nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis in humans, it led to the proliferation of fibrocytes and subsequent production of acid mucopolysaccharide ground substance and collagen fibers. However, these nodular lesions did not contribute significantly to the observed aortic insufficiency.
- Signs of age-related deterioration, or senile degenerative changes were detected via the degeneration of elastic fibers and focal mineralization of the fibrosa.
Conclusion
- The study contributes to our understanding of aortic insufficiency in equine subjects. It aids in the identification of its functional and morphological changes, which may improve diagnostic and interventional approaches. It underlines that degenerative changes and valve deformation play critical roles in the pathogenesis of equine aortic insufficiency, while other factors such as nodular lesions seem less substantial.
Cite This Article
APA
Bishop SP, Cole CR, Smetzer DL.
(1966).
Functional and morphologic pathology of equine aortic insufficiency.
Pathol Vet, 3(2), 137-158.
https://doi.org/10.1177/030098586600300203 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Electrocardiography
- Endocardium / epidemiology
- Heart Auscultation / pathology
- Heart Valve Diseases / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horses
- Phonocardiography
- Staining and Labeling
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Khalesi H, Sakha M, Veshkini A, Rezakhani A. Assessing the cardiac valves conditions in athletic horses with poor performance. Vet Res Forum 2022 Sep;13(3):423-429.
- Cui YC, Li K, Tian Y, Yuan WM, Peng P, Yang JZ, Zhang BJ, Zhang HD, Wu AL, Tang Y. A pig model of ischemic mitral regurgitation induced by mitral chordae tendinae rupture and implantation of an ameroid constrictor. PLoS One 2014;9(12):e111689.
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