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Microorganisms2022; 10(12); doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10122517

Gastro-Intestinal Microbiota in Equines and Its Role in Health and Disease: The Black Box Opens.

Abstract: Horses are large non-ruminant herbivores and rely on microbial fermentation for energy, with more than half of their maintenance energy requirement coming from microbial fermentation occurring in their enlarged caecum and colon. To achieve that, the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of horses harbors a broad range of various microorganisms, differing in each GIT segment, which are essential for efficient utilization of feed, especially to use nutrients that are not or little degraded by endogenous enzymes. In addition, like in other animal species, the GIT microbiota is in permanent interplay with the host's cells and is involved in a lot of functions among which inflammation, immune homeostasis, and energy metabolism. As for other animals and humans, the horse gut microbiome is sensitive to diet, especially consumption of starch, fiber, and fat. Age, breeds, stress during competitions, transportation, and exercise may also impact the microbiome. Because of its size and its complexity, the equine GIT microbiota is prone to perturbations caused by external or internal stressors that may result in digestive diseases like gastric ulcer, diarrhea, colic, or colitis, and that are thought to be linked with systemic diseases like laminitis, equine metabolic syndrome or obesity. Thus, in this review we aim at understanding the common core microbiome -in terms of structure and function- in each segment of the GIT, as well as identifying potential microbial biomarkers of health or disease which are crucial to anticipate putative perturbations, optimize global practices and develop adapted nutritional strategies and personalized nutrition.
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Publication Date: 2022-12-19 PubMed ID: 36557769PubMed Central: PMC9783266DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122517Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study focuses on the impact of gut microorganisms on the health and disease conditions of horses. Researchers aim to understand the composition and function of the gut microbiome, and identify potential indicators of health or disease which could help in developing personalized nutrition strategies.

Gut Microorganisms in Horses

  • Horses are non-ruminant herbivores that largely rely on microbial fermentation for their energy needs, with over half of their maintenance energy requirement being derived from this process taking place in the caecum and colon.
  • A diverse range of microorganisms live in the horse’s gastro-intestinal tract (GIT), essential for efficient usage of dietary nutrients, particularly those nutrients that cannot be degraded by endogenous enzymes.

Interaction Between Microbiota and Host

  • The microorganisms have an extensive interaction with the host’s cells and are involved in various functions including inflammation, immune homeostasis, and energy metabolism.
  • Similar to other animals and humans, the microbiome of horse’s gut is sensitive to diet, specifically intake of starch, fiber, and fat as well as other factors like age, breeds, and stressors associated with competitions, transportation, and exercise.

Effect of GIT Microbiota Perturbations

  • The size and complexity of horse’s GIT microbiota makes it susceptible to disturbances caused by external and internal stressors. Such perturbations can result in digestive issues like gastric ulcer, diarrhea, colic, and colitis.
  • These digestive diseases are believed to be associated with systemic conditions like laminitis, equine metabolic syndrome, or obesity.

Research Objectives and Expected Outcomes

  • The study aims at understanding what constitutes the ‘common core’ microbiome in each segment of the GIT in terms of its structure and function.
  • Researchers also seek to identify microbial biomarkers that could indicate health or disease conditions, which are critical in predicting potential perturbations.
  • Such indicators are deemed important in optimizing overall practices and developing targeted dietary strategies, and potentially contribute towards personalized nutrition for horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Chaucheyras-Durand F, Sacy A, Karges K, Apper E. (2022). Gastro-Intestinal Microbiota in Equines and Its Role in Health and Disease: The Black Box Opens. Microorganisms, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122517

Publication

Microorganisms
ISSN: 2076-2607
NlmUniqueID: 101625893
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 12

Researcher Affiliations

Chaucheyras-Durand, Frédérique
  • Lallemand SAS, 31702 Blagnac, France.
  • UMR MEDIS, INRAE, Université Clermont-Auvergne, 63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France.
Sacy, Audrey
  • Lallemand SAS, 31702 Blagnac, France.
Karges, Kip
  • Lallemand Specialities Inc., Milwaukee, WI 53218, USA.
Apper, Emmanuelle
  • Lallemand SAS, 31702 Blagnac, France.

Conflict of Interest Statement

E.A., F.C.-D., A.S. and K.K. are Lallemand employees. All the authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

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