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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Giant Multinucleated Cells Are Associated with Mastocytic In...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(9); 1070; doi: 10.3390/ani12091070

Giant Multinucleated Cells Are Associated with Mastocytic Inflammatory Signature Equine Asthma.

Abstract: Equine asthma is currently diagnosed by the presence of increased neutrophil (>5%), mast cell (>2%), and/or eosinophil (>1%) differential cell count. Macrophages are normal resident cells within the alveoli. Their presence in BALF is considered normal, but the clinical implication of the presence of activated or fused macrophages (giant multinucleated cells, GMC) is currently overlooked. We aimed to assess the prevalence, cytological determinants, and clinical significance of increased GMC counts in BALF of 34 asthmatic horses compared to 10 controls. Counts were performed on 15 randomly selected high magnification fields per cytospin slide (40×), and expressed as GMC:single macrophage (GMC:M) ratio. Regression models were used for statistical analysis. GMC was frequently observed in both asthmatic and control horses, with an increased prevalence of equine asthma (p = 0.01). GMC:M ratio was significantly higher in severe vs. mild to moderate equine asthmatic and control horses. In asthmatic horses, an increased GMC:M ratio was significantly associated with BALF mastocytosis (p = 0.01), once adjusting for age and the presence and severity of clinical signs of the horses. Tachypnea was the only clinical sign that tended to be positively associated with GMC:M ratio after adjustment (p = 0.08). In conclusion, our data suggest that a relationship might exist between molecular mechanisms regulating GMC formation and mast cell recruitment in the equine lung. The same mechanisms could lead to tachypnea even in the absence of respiratory effort at rest. We suggest including GMC count in the basic cytological assessment of BALF samples to gain more insights into their role in equine asthma.
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Publication Date: 2022-04-20 PubMed ID: 35565497PubMed Central: PMC9103648DOI: 10.3390/ani12091070Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores the presence of large multi-nucleated cells (GMC) and their relationship with asthma in horses. The study provides evidence that increased counts of these cells are associated with inflammation due to an increase in mast cells in the lungs, which could be a contributing factor to the development of equine asthma.

Study Design and Purpose

The researchers intended to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of GMCs in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from 34 asthmatic horses compared to 10 healthy controls. They hypothesized that increased GMC counts could be overlooked but significant markers in diagnosing equine asthma.

Procedure and Analysis

  • Counts were carried out on high magnification fields of cytospin slides taken from the sampled BALF.
  • The data was presented as a ratio of GMC to single macrophages (GMC:M) and statistical analysis was performed using regression models.

Findings

  • GMCs were found in both asthmatic and control horses but were significantly more prevalent in asthmatic ones.
  • The GMC:M ratio was significantly higher in horses with severe asthma compared to those with moderate or mild asthma and non-asthmatic horses.
  • An increased GMC:M ratio was associated with BALF mastocytosis, a condition characterized by an increased number of mast cells, after adjusting for age and the presence and severity of clinical signs.
  • The only clinical sign that tended to be positively associated with a higher GMC:M ratio was tachypnea (rapid breathing), particularly in the absence of respiratory effort at rest.

Implications

The results indicate a potential link between the molecular processes that regulate the formation of GMCs and the recruitment of mast cells in the lungs of horses. This may be significant, as mast cells play a role in inflammation, which is a central component of asthma. The researchers therefore suggest incorporating GMC count into the basic cytological assessment of BALF samples to yield greater insights into their role in equine asthma.

Cite This Article

APA
Basano I, Romolo A, Iamone G, Memoli G, Riccio B, Lavoie JP, Miniscalco B, Bullone M. (2022). Giant Multinucleated Cells Are Associated with Mastocytic Inflammatory Signature Equine Asthma. Animals (Basel), 12(9), 1070. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12091070

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 9
PII: 1070

Researcher Affiliations

Basano, Ilaria
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
Romolo, Alessandra
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
Iamone, Giulia
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
Memoli, Giulia
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
Riccio, Barbara
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
Lavoie, Jean-Pierre
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
Miniscalco, Barbara
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
Bullone, Michela
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Akula S, Riihimäki M, Waern I, Åbrink M, Raine A, Hellman L, Wernersson S. Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis of Purified Equine Mast Cells Identifies a Dominant Mucosal Mast Cell Population with Possible Inflammatory Functions in Airways of Asthmatic Horses.. Int J Mol Sci 2022 Nov 12;23(22).
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