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Health and epidemiological approaches of Trypanosoma evansi and equine infectious anemia virus in naturally infected horses at southern Pantanal.
Abstract: Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and Trypanossoma evansi are endemic in Brazilian Pantanal Biome, an important area for livestock production. In this sense, we evaluated the epidemiological single and co-infection effects of T. evansi and EIAV in naturally infected horses in the southern Pantanal wetland by serological tests and hematological assays. Both higher seroprevalence and heath poor condition of the sampled animals were associated with differences in horse management between farms. We found that the negative animals for both infectious agents (NN) represented the major group in F1 (37%), and the smallest group in F2 (19%). Furthermore, we recorded higher EIAV seroprevalence (56%) in F2, compared to F1 (38%). We observed that T. evansi infection was mostly related to young horses, as seen by their higher seroprevalence, ranging from 70.7% in the beginning of the rainy season to 81% in the end of flood period, in comparison with the values of 42% and 68%, respectively, in working animals. on the other hand, working animals showed a higher seroprevalence for EIAV (48%) in both seasons than young horses. We observed that the management of working horses could be a risk factor of EIAV infection. On the other hand, as T. evansi is maintained in the study region by many species of wild mammals, the mechanical transmission through blood-sucking vectors ensures the infection to horses since early. Our results showed that single or co-infection by EIAV and T. evansi caused different degree of anemia in the infected animals. Moreover, the health of horses in Brazilian Pantanal is also influenced by differences in horse management and environmental circumstances.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2016-08-04 PubMed ID: 27497875DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.08.005Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research examines the epidemiological effects of Trypanosoma evansi and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) infections among horses in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland. The study compares these effects between different horse groups and management conditions, and concludes that infection rates and overall horse health are influenced by horse management and environmental factors.
Study Context and Aim
- The Pantanal wetland in Brazil, a major area for livestock production, noticed a high prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV).
- The research aimed at evaluating the single and combined infection effects of T. evansi and EIAV in naturally infected horses by conducting serological tests and hematological assays.
Main Findings
- Major findings suggest that both the prevalence of infection and the poor health condition of horses are linked to differences in horse management across farms.
- The horse groups that were free from both infections were the largest in Farm 1 and smallest in Farm 2.
- Compared to Farm 1, Farm 2 reported a higher EIAV prevalence rate (56%) among horses.
- Higher infection rate of T. evansi was observed among young horses, escalating from the beginning to the end of the rainy season.
- On the contrary, working horses showed a higher EIAV prevalence rate, suggesting that the management of working horses might be a risk factor in EIAV infection.
Infection Transmission
- As T. evansi infections are commonly seen in wild mammals in the study region, the researchers noted that the transmission of this infection to horses happens through blood-sucking vectors from an early age.
Impact on Horse Health
- The study found that single or co-infection by EIAV and T. evansi caused varying degrees of anemia in the infected horses, impacting their overall health.
- Beyond the spread of these diseases, the health of horses in the Pantanal region was also influenced by varying horse management practices and environmental conditions.
Cite This Article
APA
Parreira DR, Jansen AM, Abreu UG, Macedo GC, Silva AR, Mazur C, Andrade GB, Herrera HM.
(2016).
Health and epidemiological approaches of Trypanosoma evansi and equine infectious anemia virus in naturally infected horses at southern Pantanal.
Acta Trop, 163, 98-102.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.08.005 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-900, Brazil.
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-900, Brazil.
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA Pantanal, Corumbá, CEP 79320-900, Brazil.
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco - UCDB, Campo Grande, CEP 79117-900, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, CEP 23890-000, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, CEP 23890-000, Brazil.
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco - UCDB, Campo Grande, CEP 79117-900, Brazil.
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco - UCDB, Campo Grande, CEP 79117-900, Brazil. Electronic address: herrera@ucdb.br.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan / immunology
- Antibodies, Viral / immunology
- Brazil / epidemiology
- Coinfection / epidemiology
- Coinfection / immunology
- Coinfection / veterinary
- Equine Infectious Anemia / epidemiology
- Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
- Erythrocyte Count
- Erythrocyte Indices
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Horses
- Immunodiffusion
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
- Leukocyte Count
- Lymphocyte Count
- Risk Factors
- Seasons
- Seroepidemiologic Studies
- Trypanosoma / immunology
- Trypanosomiasis / epidemiology
- Trypanosomiasis / immunology
- Trypanosomiasis / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Campos JBV, Martins FS, de Oliveira CE, Taveira AA, Oliveira JR, Gonçalves LR, Cordeiro MD, Calchi AC, de Campos Binder L, Serpa MCA, Barbieri ARM, Labruna MB, Machado RZ, de Andrade GB, André MR, Herrera HM. Tick-borne zoonotic agents infecting horses from an urban area in Midwestern Brazil: epidemiological and hematological features. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021 Sep 22;53(5):475.
- Amin YA, Noseer EA, Fouad SS, Ali RA, Mahmoud HYAH. Changes of reproductive indices of the testis due to Trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary bulls (Camelus dromedarius): Semen picture, hormonal profile, histopathology, oxidative parameters, and hematobiochemical profile. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 Sep;7(3):537-545.
- Arruda Gimenes Nantes W, Teixeira Gomes Barreto W, Martins Santos F, Carvalho de Macedo G, Castro Rucco A, de Oliveira Assis W, Edith de Oliveira Porfírio G, Braziliano de Andrade G, Maria Jansen A, Miraglia Herrera H. The influence of parasitism by Trypanosoma cruzi in the hematological parameters of the white ear opossum (Didelphis albiventris) from Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2019 Aug;9:16-20.
- Aregawi WG, Agga GE, Abdi RD, Büscher P. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi. Parasit Vectors 2019 Jan 31;12(1):67.
- Varikuti S, Jha BK, Volpedo G, Ryan NM, Halsey G, Hamza OM, McGwire BS, Satoskar AR. Host-Directed Drug Therapies for Neglected Tropical Diseases Caused by Protozoan Parasites. Front Microbiol 2018;9:2655.
- Santos FM, de Macedo GC, Barreto WTG, Oliveira-Santos LGR, Garcia CM, Mourão GM, Edith de Oliveira Porfírio G, Domenis Marino E, Rogério André M, Perles L, Elisei de Oliveira C, Braziliano de Andrade G, Jansen AM, Miraglia Herrera H. Outcomes of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma evansi infections on health of Southern coati (Nasua nasua), crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), and ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in the Brazilian Pantanal. PLoS One 2018;13(8):e0201357.
- Ullah A, Geng M, Chen W, Zhu Q, Shi L, Zhang X, Akhtar MF, Wang C, Khan MZ. Effect of Parasitic Infections on Hematological Profile, Reproductive and Productive Performance in Equines. Animals (Basel) 2025 Nov 14;15(22).
- Raftery AG, Gummery L, Garcia K, Mohite D, Capewell P, Sutton DGM. Equine trypanosomiasis, a systematic review and meta-analyses: Prevalence, morbidity and mortality. Equine Vet J 2026 Mar;58(2):291-319.
- Shoraba M, Shoulah SA, Arnaout F, Selim A. Equine Trypanosomiasis: Molecular Detection, Hematological, and Oxidative Stress Profiling. Vet Med Int 2024;2024:6550276.
- Bonsi M, Anderson NE, Carder G. The Socioeconomic Impact of Diseases of Working Equids in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Critical Review. Animals (Basel) 2023 Dec 15;13(24).
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