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Home / Equine Research Bank / Pathogens / Henipavirus infections: lessons from animal models.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2013; 2(2); 264-287; doi: 10.3390/pathogens2020264

Henipavirus infections: lessons from animal models.

Abstract: The Henipavirus genus contains two highly lethal viruses, the Hendra and Nipah viruses and one, recently discovered, apparently nonpathogenic member; Cedar virus. These three, negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, are hosted by fruit bats and use EphrinB2 receptors for entry into cells. The Hendra and Nipah viruses are zoonotic pathogens that emerged in the middle of 90s and have caused severe, and often fatal, neurologic and/or respiratory diseases in both humans and different animals; including spillover into equine and porcine species. Development of relevant models is critical for a better understanding of viral pathogenesis, generating new diagnostic tools, and assessing anti-viral therapeutics and vaccines. This review summarizes available data on several animal models where natural and/or experimental infection has been demonstrated; including pteroid bats, horses, pigs, cats, hamsters, guinea pigs, ferrets, and nonhuman primates. It recapitulates the principal features of viral pathogenesis in these animals and current knowledge on anti-viral immune responses. Lastly it describes the recently characterized murine animal model, which provides the possibility to use numerous and powerful tools available for mice to further decipher henipaviruses immunopathogenesis, prophylaxis, and treatment. The utility of different models to analyze important aspects of henipaviruses-induced disease in humans, potential routes of transmission, and therapeutic approaches are equally discussed.
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Publication Date: 2013-04-09 PubMed ID: 25437037PubMed Central: PMC4235719DOI: 10.3390/pathogens2020264Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research is a comprehensive review of available data on animal models used to understand and combat diseases caused by lethal viruses, Hendra and Nipah, from the Henipavirus genus. These viruses primarily affect fruit bats but can also infect humans and other animals, causing severe neurologic and/or respiratory diseases.

Henipavirus

  • Belongs to the genus Henipavirus are two highly lethal viruses, Hendra and Nipah, along with an apparently nonpathogenic member, Cedar virus. These viruses are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses.
  • Primarily hosted by fruit bats, these viruses use EphrinB2 receptors to enter cells.
  • The Hendra and Nipah viruses are zoonotic pathogens that first emerged in the mid-90s. These have been responsible for severe, often fatal, neurologic and/or respiratory diseases in humans and different animals, including horses and pigs.

Animal Models

  • The research summarizes data on various animal models where natural and/or experimental infection has been demonstrated. This includes bats, horses, pigs, cats, hamsters, guinea pigs, ferrets, and nonhuman primates.
  • The key features of viral pathogenesis in these animals and current knowledge on anti-viral immune responses are outlined in this study.
  • Recently, a murine animal model has been characterized, which allows for the use of numerous mice-compatible tools to further study the immunopathogenesis, prophylaxis, and treatment of henipaviruses.

Implications and future directions

  • The research also discusses the utility of these animal models in understanding important aspects of henipaviruses-induced disease in humans, potential routes of transmission, and therapeutic approaches.
  • Understanding these viruses and how they interact with different species can enable scientists to develop effective diagnostic tools and treatments. Central to this endeavour is the development and use of appropriate animal models that resemble human disease as closely as possible.

Cite This Article

APA
Dhondt KP, Horvat B. (2013). Henipavirus infections: lessons from animal models. Pathogens, 2(2), 264-287. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens2020264

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Pages: 264-287

Researcher Affiliations

Dhondt, Kévin P
  • International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon 1, 21 Avenue T. Garnier, Lyon 69007, France. kevin.dhondt@inserm.fr.
Horvat, Branka
  • International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon 1, 21 Avenue T. Garnier, Lyon 69007, France. branka.horvat@inserm.fr.

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