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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Microbiol / High occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aure...
Veterinary microbiology2008; 133(1-2); 138-144; doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.06.021

High occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in equine nasal samples.

Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections do occur in equine patients. Little is known, however, about their origin and the general equine MRSA colonization status. In West European horses in particular, neither the colonization rate nor the present strains or their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are known. In the present study, a sample of 110 (Belgian, French, Dutch and Luxemburg) horses presented at a Belgian equine clinic was screened for nasal MRSA carriage. An indirect culturing protocol using a 0.001% colistin and nalidixic acid containing broth was compared to a direct agar method. Phenotypic identification following growth on a chromogenic MRSA screening agar (ChromID MRSA) was combined with genotypic analysis (PCR, PFGE, SCCmec, spa, and MLST typing). Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested through disk diffusion. Twelve (10.9%) horses carried MRSA, with the enrichment protocol resulting in a significantly higher isolation rate. None of the isolated strains were typeable through SmaI PFGE. They all harboured SCCmec type IVa or V and belonged to spa type t011 or t1451 of the ST398 lineage. All isolates were tetracycline resistant and sulfonamide and enrofloxacin susceptible. Macrolide, lincosamide, trimethoprim and aminoglycoside susceptibility varied and in total five different antimicrobial resistance patterns were distinguished. These results show that ST398 is certainly present in West European horses. Due to its known interspecies transmission and the structure of the equine industry, the presence of this clone in horses poses a substantial health hazard for both animals and humans.
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Publication Date: 2008-07-05 PubMed ID: 18701224DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.06.021Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study investigates the presence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 strain in nasal samples of horses from Western Europe and its potential threat to human health. It uses both phenotypic and genotypic methods to identify the strains present in the equine community and their antibiotic resistance patterns.

Methodology

  • The study utilised nasal swabs from 110 horses of Belgian, French, Dutch, and Luxemburg descent, who were presented at a Belgian equine clinic.
  • They compared two methods to identify MRSA – an indirect culturing protocol, which used a broth containing 0.001% colistin and nalidixic acid, and a direct agar method.
  • The identified strains were then screened through a chromogenic MRSA screening agar (ChromID MRSA).
  • Genotypic analysis was performed using techniques including PCR, PFGE, SCCmec, spa, and MLST typing. This helped them understand the genes responsible for anti-biotic resistance in the strains identified.
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility was also tested through disk diffusion, a method used to determine the sensitivity of bacteria species to an antibacterial agent.

Findings

  • The study revealed that 10.9% of the horses sampled carried MRSA.
  • The indirect culturing protocol showed a higher isolation rate than the direct agar method, indicating its efficiency in identifying MRSA strains.
  • All the isolated strains showed resistance to SmaI PFGE, an enzyme typically used in the genotyping of MRSA strains.
  • The strains were identified as ST398 lineage belonging to spa type t011 or t1451 and contained SCCmec type IVa or V, which are common MRSA types in animals.
  • All these isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline but were susceptible to sulfonamide and enrofloxacin drugs.
  • Resistance to other antibiotics such as Macrolide, lincosamide, trimethoprim, and aminoglycoside varied among the identified strains leading to the distinction of five different antimicrobial resistance patterns.

Conclusion

  • The study confirms the presence of the ST398 strain of MRSA in horses in Western Europe.
  • This poses a health threat to the equine industry and potentially to humans through interspecies transmission, given the structure of equine industries across Europe.

Cite This Article

APA
Van den Eede A, Martens A, Lipinska U, Struelens M, Deplano A, Denis O, Haesebrouck F, Gasthuys F, Hermans K. (2008). High occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in equine nasal samples. Vet Microbiol, 133(1-2), 138-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.06.021

Publication

Veterinary microbiology
ISSN: 0378-1135
NlmUniqueID: 7705469
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 133
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 138-144

Researcher Affiliations

Van den Eede, A
  • Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Annelies.VandenEede@UGent.be
Martens, A
    Lipinska, U
      Struelens, M
        Deplano, A
          Denis, O
            Haesebrouck, F
              Gasthuys, F
                Hermans, K

                  MeSH Terms

                  • Animals
                  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
                  • Bacterial Typing Techniques / veterinary
                  • Carrier State / epidemiology
                  • Carrier State / microbiology
                  • Carrier State / veterinary
                  • Colony Count, Microbial / veterinary
                  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
                  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial / genetics
                  • Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field / methods
                  • Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field / veterinary
                  • Female
                  • Genotype
                  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
                  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
                  • Horse Diseases / transmission
                  • Horses
                  • Male
                  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / genetics
                  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / isolation & purification
                  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests / veterinary
                  • Molecular Epidemiology
                  • Nasal Cavity / microbiology
                  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
                  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
                  • Staphylococcal Infections / epidemiology
                  • Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology
                  • Staphylococcal Infections / transmission
                  • Staphylococcal Infections / veterinary
                  • Treatment Outcome

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