Histologic and ultrastructural studies of dermal sarcoma of walleye (Pisces: Stizostedion vitreum).
Abstract: Sixty-seven adult walleye fish were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. The fish were affected by a mesenchymal tumor previously termed Walleye Dermal Sarcoma that commonly affects up to 27% of the population seasonally. Biopsies from 24 fish were collected, and complete postmortem examinations were performed on 43 fish. Grossly, the tumors had the appearance of randomly distributed, often clustered, spherical nodules, 2-5 mm in diameter with a smooth and often ulcerated surface. The tumors arose from the superficial surface of scales and consisted of fibroblast-like cells separated by a moderate amount of collagen (43/67) or osteoid material (24/67). Lymphocytic infiltration (28/67) associated with vacuolar degeneration of tumor cells (28/67) and centrally located coagulation necrosis (30/67) were observed. Although tumor cells were often highly anaplastic, no local invasions or metastases were present. In contrast with previous descriptions of this tumor, no viral particles could be observed electron microscopically. The variably anaplastic appearance of the tumor, its biological behavior, and its restriction to dermis are features in common with canine cutaneous histiocytoma and equine sarcoid. The multicentric origin, the restriction to the dermis, and the absence of invasion or metastases of Walleye Dermal Sarcoma differ from retrovirus-induced avian and murine sarcomas that arise locally, that invade, and that often metastasize.
Publication Date: 1990-09-01 PubMed ID: 2238387DOI: 10.1177/030098589002700506Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
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The research examines a type of skin tumor called Walleye Dermal Sarcoma in adult walleye fish using light and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The study aims to understand the physical characteristics, presence of any patterns, and the influence of these tumors on the walleye population.
Methodology and Sampling
- The study involved examining a total of 67 adult walleye fish. The investigation of these tumors was done using light and transmission electron microscopy.
- Biopsies were collected from 24 fish, and postmortem examinations were performed on 43 fish to get a complete understanding of the disease.
- The commonality of this tumor, affecting up to 27% of the population seasonally, was the central focus of the study.
Physical Characteristics of Tumors
- The tumors usually manifested as spherical nodules, distributed randomly or often grouped together, with a diameter of 2 to 5 millimeters.
- These nodules generally had a smooth surface, frequently ulcerated and originated from the superficial surface of the fish’s scales.
- There were two kinds of tumors observed: those consisting of fibroblast-like cells divided by collagen (found in 43/67 fish) or by a material called ‘osteoid’ (found in 24/67 fish).
Microscopic Observations and Comparisons
- Upon microscopic examination, lymphocytic infiltration, paired with the degeneration of tumor cells, and coagulative necrosis centrally located were seen in the tumor cells.
- Despite the high level of anaplasia in the tumor cells, there were no local invasions or metastases recorded.
- No viral particles were involved, contrary to previous studies performed on this type of tumor.
- The study observed that the behavior and physical attributes of the Walleye Dermal Sarcoma shared similarities with the canine cutaneous histiocytoma and the equine sarcoid.
- However, the multicentric origin (originating from several spots), being exclusively dermal (skin), and the absence of invasions or metastases make the Walleye Dermal Sarcoma different from the retrovirus-induced sarcomas seen in birds and mice.
Cite This Article
APA
Martineau D, Bowser PR, Wooster G, Forney JL.
(1990).
Histologic and ultrastructural studies of dermal sarcoma of walleye (Pisces: Stizostedion vitreum).
Vet Pathol, 27(5), 340-346.
https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589002700506 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Avian and Aquatic Animal Medicine, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Female
- Fish Diseases / pathology
- Fishes
- Male
- Microscopy, Electron
- Sarcoma / pathology
- Sarcoma / ultrastructure
- Sarcoma / veterinary
- Skin Neoplasms / pathology
- Skin Neoplasms / ultrastructure
- Skin Neoplasms / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Hetrick FM, Hedrick RP. New viruses described in finfish from 1988-1992. Annu Rev Fish Dis 1993;3:187-207.
- Goldstone HM, Tokunaga S, Schlezinger JJ, Goldstone JV, Stegeman JJ. EZR1: a novel family of highly expressed retroelements induced by TCDD and regulated by a NF-κB-like factor in embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish 2012 Mar;9(1):15-25.
- Rovnak J, Quackenbush SL. Walleye dermal sarcoma virus: molecular biology and oncogenesis. Viruses 2010 Sep;2(9):1984-1999.
- Zhan H, Spitsbergen JM, Qing W, Wu YL, Paul TA, Casey JW, Her GM, Gong Z. Transgenic expression of walleye dermal sarcoma virus rv-cyclin gene in zebrafish and its suppressive effect on liver tumor development after carcinogen treatment. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2010 Nov;12(6):640-9.
- Rovnak J, Casey RN, Brewster CD, Casey JW, Quackenbush SL. Establishment of productively infected walleye dermal sarcoma explant cells. J Gen Virol 2007 Sep;88(Pt 9):2583-2589.
- Zhang Z, Martineau D. Walleye dermal sarcoma virus: OrfA N-terminal end inhibits the activity of a reporter gene directed by eukaryotic promoters and has a negative effect on the growth of fish and mammalian cells. J Virol 1999 Oct;73(10):8884-9.
- LaPierre LA, Casey JW, Holzschu DL. Walleye retroviruses associated with skin tumors and hyperplasias encode cyclin D homologs. J Virol 1998 Nov;72(11):8765-71.
- LaPierre LA, Holzschu DL, Wooster GA, Bowser PR, Casey JW. Two closely related but distinct retroviruses are associated with walleye discrete epidermal hyperplasia. J Virol 1998 Apr;72(4):3484-90.
- Holzschu DL, Martineau D, Fodor SK, Vogt VM, Bowser PR, Casey JW. Nucleotide sequence and protein analysis of a complex piscine retrovirus, walleye dermal sarcoma virus. J Virol 1995 Sep;69(9):5320-31.
- Martineau D, Bowser PR, Renshaw RR, Casey JW. Molecular characterization of a unique retrovirus associated with a fish tumor. J Virol 1992 Jan;66(1):596-9.
- Old JM, Dixon B. What's cooking? The effect of temperature on the immune response. Front Immunol 2025;16:1701016.
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