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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Parasitol / Historical perspective of cyathostomes: prevalence, treatmen...
Veterinary parasitology1999; 85(2-3); 97-225; doi: 10.1016/s0304-4017(99)00091-6

Historical perspective of cyathostomes: prevalence, treatment and control programs.

Abstract: Small strongyles are highly prevalent in horses and can be found worldwide. Even though over 50 species of these parasites have been described, about 10 species comprise the bulk of the total number present in horses. Efforts to control small strongyles and other equine internal parasites have been undertaken for many years. Some of the early medications and control measures provided questionable activity against endoparasites; whether effective or not, they could be detrimental to the horse. Beginning in the early 1900s, scientific effort was used to evaluate activity of antiparasitic compounds. Only a relatively low number of classes of compounds has been used for parasite control. Progressively, in time, newer drugs have become broad-spectrum, safer, and available in lower dose rates than previously. With extensive use of parasiticides, small strongyles have been found to be resistant to all commercially-available classes of compounds except the macrocyclic lactones. Innovative parasite-control programs, relying less on drugs, need to be developed.
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Publication Date: 1999-09-15 PubMed ID: 10485357DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(99)00091-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores the history and prevalence of cyathostomes or small strongyles in horses, studies past methods used for their control and treatment, and considers the need for new strategies for parasite control due to emerging resistance in the small strongyles to the available antiparasitic compounds.

About Cyathostomes

  • Also known as small strongyles, these parasites are highly prevalent in horses and can be found worldwide.
  • More than 50 species of small strongyles exist, but around 10 species make up the majority of this parasite population in horses.

Historical Efforts for Control and Treatment

  • Treatment and control measures against small strongyles and other internal parasites in horses have been ongoing for many years.
  • Earlier medications and control methods had dubious efficacy against these parasites.
  • Such early interventions could potentially harm the horse, regardless of their impact on the parasites.
  • Since the early 1900s, scientific efforts have been made to analyse and improve the effectiveness of antiparasitic compounds.

Treatment Limitations and Emerging Resistance

  • Despite the scientific advancements, only a limited number of compounds have been developed for parasite control.
  • Newer drugs offer broader spectrum effectiveness, increased safety, and require lower dose rates than their predecessors.
  • However, due to widespread use of parasiticides, small strongyles have developed resistance to all commercially available compounds aside from macrocyclic lactones.

The Need for Future Control Programs

  • There is a necessity to devise innovative parasite-control programs, which rely less on drugs, due to the evolved resistance in these parasites.
  • The research stresses the need for the development of new and more effective antiparasitic compounds and alternative control strategies to combat the growing issue of parasite resistance.

Cite This Article

APA
Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Drudge JH. (1999). Historical perspective of cyathostomes: prevalence, treatment and control programs. Vet Parasitol, 85(2-3), 97-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(99)00091-6

Publication

Veterinary parasitology
ISSN: 0304-4017
NlmUniqueID: 7602745
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 85
Issue: 2-3
Pages: 97-225

Researcher Affiliations

Lyons, E T
  • Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0099, USA. elyons1@pop.uky.edu
Tolliver, S C
    Drudge, J H

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Anthelmintics / therapeutic use
      • History, 20th Century
      • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
      • Horse Diseases / history
      • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
      • Horse Diseases / therapy
      • Horses
      • Pest Control / methods
      • Prevalence
      • Strongylida Infections / epidemiology
      • Strongylida Infections / prevention & control
      • Strongylida Infections / therapy
      • Strongylida Infections / veterinary
      • Strongyloidea

      Citations

      This article has been cited 28 times.
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      21. Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Collins SS. Probable reason why small strongyle EPG counts are returning "early" after ivermectin treatment of horses on a farm in Central Kentucky.. Parasitol Res 2009 Feb;104(3):569-74.
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      22. Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Ionita M, Collins SS. Evaluation of parasiticidal activity of fenbendazole, ivermectin, oxibendazole, and pyrantel pamoate in horse foals with emphasis on ascarids (Parascaris equorum) in field studies on five farms in Central Kentucky in 2007.. Parasitol Res 2008 Jul;103(2):287-91.
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      23. Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Ionita M, Lewellen A, Collins SS. Field studies indicating reduced activity of ivermectin on small strongyles in horses on a farm in Central Kentucky.. Parasitol Res 2008 Jun;103(1):209-15.
        doi: 10.1007/s00436-008-0959-7pubmed: 18389281google scholar: lookup
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      25. Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Collins SS. Study (1991 to 2001) of drug-resistant Population B small strongyles in critical tests in horses in Kentucky at the termination of a 40-year investigation.. Parasitol Res 2007 Aug;101(3):689-701.
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      26. Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Collins SS. Field studies on endoparasites of Thoroughbred foals on seven farms in central Kentucky in 2004.. Parasitol Res 2006 Apr;98(5):496-500.
        doi: 10.1007/s00436-005-0091-xpubmed: 16385405google scholar: lookup
      27. Posedi J, Drögemüller M, Schnieder T, Höglund J, Lichtenfels JR, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. Microchip capillary electrophoresis-based genetic comparison of closely related cyathostomin nematode parasites of horses using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction.. Parasitol Res 2004 Mar;92(5):421-9.
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      28. Lyons ET, Tolliver SC. Field test data on small strongyles in evaluation of activity of fenbendazole given once a day for 5 consecutive days to thoroughbred yearlings on two farms in Kentucky in 2002 and 2003.. Parasitol Res 2003 Oct;91(4):312-5.
        doi: 10.1007/s00436-003-0959-6pubmed: 14574561google scholar: lookup
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