Horse Placental Extract Enhances Neurogenesis in the Presence of Amyloid β.
Abstract: Human placental extract and animal-derived placental extracts from pigs and horses host a wide range of biological activities. Several placental products are used as medicines, cosmetics, and healthcare substances worldwide. However, the use of placental extracts for neuronal functioning is currently not established because the number of relevant studies is limited. A few previous reports suggested the neuroprotective effect and dendrite genesis effect of placental extract. However, no studies have reported on neurogenesis in placental extracts. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of horse placental extract on neurogenesis, and we examined the protective effect of the extract on the onset of memory disorder. A horse placental extract, JBP-F-02, was used in this study. JBP-F-02 treatment dose-dependently increased the number of neural stem cells and dendrite length under Aβ treatment in primary cultured cortical cells. The oral administration of JBP-F-02 to a 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease at a young age significantly prevented the onset of memory dysfunction. This study suggests that the extract has the potential to prevent dementia.
Publication Date: 2021-05-14 PubMed ID: 34069207PubMed Central: PMC8157028DOI: 10.3390/nu13051672Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research focuses on the effects of horse placental extract on neurogenesis and its protective effect against memory disorders. The study indicates that treatment with horse placental extract increased the growth of neural stem cells and dendrites, particularly in conditions involving amyloid beta treatments, and showed potential in preventing dementia.
Understanding the Research
The research primarily focuses on:
- Exploring the effect of placental extracts: The researchers aimed to investigate the effectiveness of horse placental extract (named JBP-F-02 in the study) on neurogenesis. Neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons or nerve cells, an essential aspect of brain function.
- Investigating the protective function of horse placental extract: Particularly, the study examined the extract’s ability to protect against memory disorders. This was tested using a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.
The Research Methods
- The study used primary cultured cortical cells for experimentation: These cells were treated with Amyloid β (Aβ) – a peptide involved in Alzheimer’s disease, along with varying doses of the horse placental extract.
- An Alzheimer’s mice model, 5XFAD, was used for a behavioral investigation: The mice were given an oral administration of the extract from a young age to observe if it prevented the onset of memory dysfunction.
- The horse placental extract JBP-F-02 was observed to increase the number of neural stem cells and the length of the dendrites (the branched extensions of nerve cells) in the cortical cells. Importantly, this increase was dose-dependent implying that greater concentrations of the extract corresponded to a higher increase in the stem cells and dendrites.
- In the Alzheimer’s mice model, the administration of JBP-F-02 considerably prevented memory disorder progression. These results indicate the potential of the horse placental extract in managing Alzheimer’s disease and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases.
Results and Implications
To sum up, the study opens up new avenues in the use of placental extracts, particularly those derived from horses, in preventing memory disorders and enhancing neurogenesis. Given these promising results, further research can be expected in this domain.
Cite This Article
APA
de Toledo A, Nomoto K, Hirano E, Tohda C.
(2021).
Horse Placental Extract Enhances Neurogenesis in the Presence of Amyloid β.
Nutrients, 13(5), 1672.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051672 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Research Institute Japan Bio Products Co., Ltd. Kurume 839-0864, Japan.
- Research Institute Japan Bio Products Co., Ltd. Kurume 839-0864, Japan.
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Division of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
- Research Institute Japan Bio Products Co., Ltd. Kurume 839-0864, Japan.
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Division of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
MeSH Terms
- Alzheimer Disease / drug therapy
- Alzheimer Disease / prevention & control
- Amyloid beta-Peptides / metabolism
- Animals
- Dendrites
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Horses
- Memory Disorders / prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neural Stem Cells / metabolism
- Neurogenesis / drug effects
- Neurons / metabolism
- Neuroprotective Agents / therapeutic use
- Placenta / metabolism
- Placental Extracts / therapeutic use
- Pregnancy
- Swine
Grant Funding
- the Japan Bio Products as a cooperative research project / Japan Bio Products
Conflict of Interest Statement
A.T. and E.H. are employees of Japan Bio Products.
References
This article includes 19 references
- Takuma K, Mizoguchi H, Funatsu Y, Kitahara Y, Ibi D, Kamei H, Matsuda T, Koike K, Inoue M, Nagai T, Yamada K. Placental extract improves hippocampal neuronal loss and fear memory impairment resulting from chronic restraint stress in ovariectomized mice.. J Pharmacol Sci 2012;120(2):89-97.
- Yamauchi A, Tone T, Sugimoto K, Seok Lim H, Kaku T, Tohda C, Shindo T, Tamada K, Mizukami Y, Hirano E. Porcine placental extract facilitates memory and learning in aged mice.. Food Sci Nutr 2019 Sep;7(9):2995-3005.
- Kogure C, Tohda C. Human Placenta Extract Ameliorates Memory Dysfunction and Dendritic Atrophy in a 5XFAD Mouse Model of A Lzheimer’s Disease. Tradit. Kamp. Med. 2017;4:94–104.
- Oakley H, Cole SL, Logan S, Maus E, Shao P, Craft J, Guillozet-Bongaarts A, Ohno M, Disterhoft J, Van Eldik L, Berry R, Vassar R. Intraneuronal beta-amyloid aggregates, neurodegeneration, and neuron loss in transgenic mice with five familial Alzheimer's disease mutations: potential factors in amyloid plaque formation.. J Neurosci 2006 Oct 4;26(40):10129-40.
- Tohda C, Urano T, Umezaki M, Nemere I, Kuboyama T. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of 1,25D₃-MARRS/Pdia3/ERp57 and improves Alzheimer's disease pathologies in 5XFAD mice.. Sci Rep 2012;2:535.
- de Pins B, Cifuentes-Díaz C, Farah AT, López-Molina L, Montalban E, Sancho-Balsells A, López A, Ginés S, Delgado-García JM, Alberch J, Gruart A, Girault JA, Giralt A. Conditional BDNF Delivery from Astrocytes Rescues Memory Deficits, Spine Density, and Synaptic Properties in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease.. J Neurosci 2019 Mar 27;39(13):2441-2458.
- Tian J, Wang T, Wang Q, Guo L, Du H. MK0677, a Ghrelin Mimetic, Improves Neurogenesis but Fails to Prevent Hippocampal Lesions in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology.. J Alzheimers Dis 2019;72(2):467-478.
- Shin SJ, Jeon SG, Kim JI, Jeong YO, Kim S, Park YH, Lee SK, Park HH, Hong SB, Oh S, Hwang JY, Kim HS, Park H, Nam Y, Lee YY, Kim JJ, Park SH, Kim JS, Moon M. Red Ginseng Attenuates Aβ-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Aβ-mediated Pathology in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease.. Int J Mol Sci 2019 Jun 21;20(12).
- Kuboyama T, Hirotsu K, Arai T, Yamasaki H, Tohda C. Polygalae Radix Extract Prevents Axonal Degeneration and Memory Deficits in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.. Front Pharmacol 2017;8:805.
- Giannoni P, Gaven F, de Bundel D, Baranger K, Marchetti-Gauthier E, Roman FS, Valjent E, Marin P, Bockaert J, Rivera S, Claeysen S. Early administration of RS 67333, a specific 5-HT4 receptor agonist, prevents amyloidogenesis and behavioral deficits in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.. Front Aging Neurosci 2013;5:96.
- Lee S, Fernandez EJ, Good TA. Role of aggregation conditions in structure, stability, and toxicity of intermediates in the Abeta fibril formation pathway.. Protein Sci 2007 Apr;16(4):723-32.
- Toda T, Gage FH. Review: adult neurogenesis contributes to hippocampal plasticity.. Cell Tissue Res 2018 Sep;373(3):693-709.
- Hevner RF, Hodge RD, Daza RA, Englund C. Transcription factors in glutamatergic neurogenesis: conserved programs in neocortex, cerebellum, and adult hippocampus.. Neurosci Res 2006 Jul;55(3):223-33.
- Gupta R, Chattopadhyay D. Glutamate is the chemotaxis-inducing factor in placental extracts.. Amino Acids 2009 Jul;37(2):359-66.
- Ramírez E, Mendieta L, Flores G, Limón ID. Neurogenesis and morphological-neural alterations closely related to amyloid β-peptide (25-35)-induced memory impairment in male rats.. Neuropeptides 2018 Feb;67:9-19.
- Jawhar S, Trawicka A, Jenneckens C, Bayer TA, Wirths O. Motor deficits, neuron loss, and reduced anxiety coinciding with axonal degeneration and intraneuronal Aβ aggregation in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.. Neurobiol Aging 2012 Jan;33(1):196.e29-40.
- Zaletel I, Schwirtlich M, Perović M, Jovanović M, Stevanović M, Kanazir S, Puškaš N. Early Impairments of Hippocampal Neurogenesis in 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Are Associated with Altered Expression of SOXB Transcription Factors.. J Alzheimers Dis 2018;65(3):963-976.
- Kosik KS, Donahue CP, Israely I, Liu X, Ochiishi T. Delta-catenin at the synaptic-adherens junction.. Trends Cell Biol 2005 Mar;15(3):172-8.
- Matter C, Pribadi M, Liu X, Trachtenberg JT. Delta-catenin is required for the maintenance of neural structure and function in mature cortex in vivo.. Neuron 2009 Nov 12;64(3):320-7.
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Kotoku S, Tahara K, Hirano E. Successful steroid tapering and partial treatment of suspected immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia in a dog with equine placenta extract supplementation: A case report. Open Vet J 2023 May;13(5):668-676.
- Amano T, Ikeda T, Yamaguchi M, Kakehi N, Hanada K, Watanabe T, Tahara K, Hirano E. Equine placental extract supplement as a night barking remedy in dogs with cognitive dysfunction syndrome. Vet Med Sci 2022 Sep;8(5):1887-1892.
- Alimu Y, Yamamoto T, Nakahata Y. Biological effects of human placental extracts - variations in manufacturing methods and compositions. Front Pharmacol 2025;16:1707890.
- Purevdorj T, Arata M, Nii M, Yamamoto S, Noguchi H, Takeda A, Aoki H, Inui H, Kagawa T, Kinouchi R, Yamamoto Y, Yoshida K, Iwasa T. Porcine Placental Extract Improves the Lipid Profile and Body Weight in a Post-Menopausal Rat Model Without Affecting Reproductive Tissues. Nutrients 2025 Mar 11;17(6).
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
