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How securely is the testicular artery occluded in the spermatic cord by using a ligature?
Abstract: There are no studies on the ideal ligature technique for the spermatic cord. Objective: To compare the maximal resistance pressure in the testicular artery and the maximal tensile forces to produce failure of 2 different ligature techniques used for ligation of the equine spermatic cord. Methods: The capabilities of 2 types of ligatures, single knot loop and double knot loop, were assessed using a pressure-resistance test in testicular arteries and with an in vitro mechanical evaluation of the tensile strength by single cycle-to-failure testing. Results: In the pressure-resistance test, the mean ± s.d. peak force at failure of the single knot loop was 354.4 ± 91.7 mmHg and for the double knot loop 303.2 ± 62.0 mmHg. There was no significant difference between the maximal load to failure of the single knot loop and double knot loop technique. The pressure needed for rupture was significantly higher (P = 0.001) than for leakage. The maximal tensile force at failure of the single knot loop was significantly higher than the double knot loop (P = 0.028). There was no significant difference in load elongation properties to failure between the single knot loop and double knot loop. Conclusions: Although no significant differences were obtained in the pressure-resistance test, the single knot loop sustained significantly greater load to failure than the double knot loop in single cycle-to-failure testing. Based on these findings, it would appear that the performance of the single knot loop should be superior to the double knot loop. Conclusions: Both ligature techniques are able to withstand the normal physiological intravascular pressure. The single knot loop has the greater breaking strength of the 2 ligatures tested and is less time consuming to perform and may therefore have advantages during equine castration.
© 2012 EVJ Ltd.
Publication Date: 2013-01-07 PubMed ID: 23294146DOI: 10.1111/evj.12016Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article explores the difference in effectiveness between single knot loop and double knot loop ligatures when used during equine castration. The study found that while both types can withstand normal intravascular pressure, the single knot loop exhibited a greater breaking strength and is quicker to perform.
Objective
The aim behind the research was to compare two different ligature techniques during equine castration. Specifically, the focus was on understanding the maximal resistance pressure in the testicular artery and the maximal tensile forces that could cause failure in the techniques being analyzed – the single knot loop and the double knot loop.
Methodology
- The research involved two distinctive tests: the pressure-resistance test in testicular arteries, and an in vitro mechanical evaluation of tensile strength by doing a single cycle-to-failure testing.
- These tests were aimed at understanding the capabilities of single knot loop and double knot loop ligatures.
Results
- Results from the pressure-resistance test showed that the single knot loop had a mean peak force at failure of 354.4 mmHg, while the double knot loop logged at 303.2 mmHg.
- There wasn’t a significant difference between the maximal load-to-failure of both techniques.
- When comparing the pressure necessary for rupture and leakage, rupture required significantly higher pressure.
- The single knot loop demonstrated significantly higher maximal tensile force at failure than the double knot loop.
- Despite these findings, there was no notable difference in the load elongation properties to failure between the two techniques.
Conclusion
- The study concluded that while both techniques could withstand normal physiological intravascular pressure, the single knot loop method was slightly superior due to displaying greater breaking strength during testing.
- Furthermore, the single knot loop required less time, hence is more efficient as a ligature technique during equine castration.
Cite This Article
APA
Rijkenhuizen AB, Sommerauer S, Fasching M, Velde K, Peham C.
(2013).
How securely is the testicular artery occluded in the spermatic cord by using a ligature?
Equine Vet J, 45(5), 649-652.
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12016 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinary Clinic Duurstede, Wijk bij Duurstede, The Netherlands. a.rijkenhuizen@gmail.com
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses / anatomy & histology
- Ligation
- Male
- Orchiectomy / methods
- Orchiectomy / veterinary
- Spermatic Cord / surgery
- Testis / blood supply
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Gandini M, Giusto G, Comino F, Pagliara E. Parallel alternating sliding knots are effective for ligation of mesenteric arteries during resection and anastomosis of the equine jejunum. BMC Vet Res 2014;10 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S10.
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