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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / HOX Gene Expressions in Cultured Articular and Nasal Equine ...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(9); 2542; doi: 10.3390/ani11092542

HOX Gene Expressions in Cultured Articular and Nasal Equine Chondrocytes.

Abstract: Osteoarthritis the quality and span of life in horses. Previous studies focused on nasal cartilage as a possible source for autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) in cartilage defects in humans. "HOX gene-negative" nasal chondrocytes adapted articular HOX patterns after implantation into caprine joint defects and produced cartilage matrix proteins. We compared the HOX gene profile of equine chondrocytes of nasal septum, anterior and posterior fetlock to identify nasal cartilage as a potential source for ACI in horses. Cartilage was harvested from seven horses after death and derived chondrocytes were cultured in a monolayer to fourth subcultivation. HOX A3, D1, D8 and chondrocyte markers COL2 and SOX9 were analyzed with qPCR in chondrocytes of three different locations obtained during passage 0 and passage 2. HOX gene expression showed no significant differences between the locations but varied significantly between the horses. HOX genes and SOX9 remained stable during culturing. Cultured nasal chondrocytes may be a target for future research in cell-based regenerative therapies in equine osteoarthritis. The involvement of HOX genes in the high regenerative and adaptive potential of nasal chondrocytes observed in previous studies could not be confirmed.
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Publication Date: 2021-08-30 PubMed ID: 34573508PubMed Central: PMC8471089DOI: 10.3390/ani11092542Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates equine cartilage cells (chondrocytes) from different body parts to evaluate their potential use in cell-based regenerative therapies for horse osteoarthritis. The focus is on comparing cellular expressions of particular ‘HOX’ genes in articular (joint) and nasal (nose) cartilage cells.

Understanding the Objective

  • The purpose of this research is to determine whether nasal cartilage could be a viable source of cells for autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) in horses. ACI is a procedure where the chondrocytes are taken from the patient, grown in a lab, and then re-implanted into the patient to repair cartilage defects.
  • “HOX genes” are a group of related genes that control the body plan of an embryo along the head tail axis. In this study, the researchers were interested in these gene expressions in the cells of articular and nasal cartilage of horses, particularly looking at the genes HOX A3, D1, and D8.
  • The chondrocyte markers COL2 and SOX9 were also examined. These markers are used to identify the cellular origin and degree of differentiation of the cells. More specifically, COL2 is a major fibrous protein found in cartilage while SOX9 plays a role in the development of cartilage.

The Research Process

  • The researchers collected cartilage cells from the nasal septum and two individual regions of the fetlock (the joint between the cannon bone and the pastern) of seven horses post-mortem. The fourth round of subculture was used for the analysis, providing a good amount of cells to study.
  • They analyzed gene expression with quantitative PCR (qPCR), a technique that quantifies the amount of target DNA in a sample.

The Research Findings

  • There was no significant difference found in the expression of HOX genes between cells from the different locations within individual horses. However, the expressions varied significantly between different horses. In addition, the expression of HOX genes and SOX9 remained stable during the culture process.
  • Given these findings, cultured nasal chondrocytes carry potential for future research in cell-based regenerative therapies in equine osteoarthritis as the cells remained stable during culturing and may be a viable source for ACI.
  • The researchers were unable to confirm the involvement of HOX genes in the regenerative and adaptive potential of nasal chondrocytes, as seen in previous studies. More research is necessary to explore this in greater depth.

Cite This Article

APA
Storch C, Fuhrmann H, Schoeniger A. (2021). HOX Gene Expressions in Cultured Articular and Nasal Equine Chondrocytes. Animals (Basel), 11(9), 2542. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092542

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 9
PII: 2542

Researcher Affiliations

Storch, Christiane
  • Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Fuhrmann, Herbert
  • Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Schoeniger, Axel
  • Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Shestakova VA, Smirnova EI, Rao L, Kolobaev IV, Atiakshin DA, Ignatyuk MA, Krasheninnikov ME, Ahmedov BG, Ivanov SA, Klabukov ID, Shegay PV, Kaprin AD, Baranovskii DS. Nasal Chondrocytes Intensively Invade and Repair Pathologically Altered Cartilage Through Intrinsic Genomic Mechanisms: A Narrative Review. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2026;22(1):60-73.
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