Human osteoclast formation and activity on an equine spongy bone substitute.
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro formation and activity of human osteoclasts (OCLs) generated on a new type of xenograft for bone substitution, an equine spongy bone. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers were used to generate OCLs in vitro in the presence of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) on bovine bone slices (positive control) and equine spongy bone. Morphological and biochemical methods were used to assess OCLs formation and activity. Results: Cells generated after 21 days of culture on equine spongy bone showed similar morphology to those on the positive control and displayed typical OCL markers and features, indicating that this material supported OCL formation. Moreover, these cells were functionally active on equine spongy bone with statistically significant differences compared with the control in the release of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP5b) at days 14 and 21 of culture. With regard to the resorption, on equine bone, OCLs formed smaller discontinuous island-like lacunae rather than the typical lobulated, tracking resorption lacunae observed on the control. Conclusions: This study enables clinicians to tailor the usage of equine spongy bone and presents a model, which can be applied to the preclinical assessment of bone substitute material's resorbability and resorption rates.
Publication Date: 2009-01-08 PubMed ID: 19126103DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01608.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research aims to investigate the formation and activity of human osteoclasts (cells that breakdown bone) on a new type of graft for bone replacement: equine spongy bone. The study reveals the potential use of equine spongy bone in medical practice, as it supported osteoclast formation similar to traditional bone grafts and offers a new model for preclinical studies on bone substitutes’ absorption rates.
Research Methodology
- The study relied on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers to produce osteoclasts in a laboratory.
- These cells were nurtured with the use of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL).
- The researchers then introduced the cells to bovine bone slices (as a positive control) and the equine spongy bone for observation.
- Using morphological and biochemical methods, they measured the formation and activity of the osteoclasts.
Research Findings
- A comparison of cells created on the equine spongy bone and those on the control bovine counterpart showed similar morphology and markers, pointing to the equine material’s capacity to support osteoclast development.
- The study also discovered that the cells were functionally active on equine spongy bone, with significant differential in the release of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (a type of enzyme) at 14 and 21 days of culture compared to the control.
- The osteoclasts, however, formed smaller and discontinuous island-like lacunae on the equine bone, a stark contrast to the typical lobulated, tracking resorption lacunae observed on the control.
Research Conclusion
- The research suggests the potential of equine spongy bone in clinical use as a graft for bone replacement, as it demonstrated capability to support osteoclast formation similar to bovine bone slices.
- Overall, the discovery offers clinicians a novel model with which to adapt the use of equine spongy bone and carries a significance for the preclinical evaluation of the resorbability and resorption rates of bone substitute materials.
Cite This Article
APA
Perrotti V, Nicholls BM, Piattelli A.
(2009).
Human osteoclast formation and activity on an equine spongy bone substitute.
Clin Oral Implants Res, 20(1), 17-23.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01608.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. v.perrotti@unich.it
MeSH Terms
- Acid Phosphatase / biosynthesis
- Animals
- Bone Resorption
- Bone Substitutes
- Bone Transplantation
- Cattle
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Horses
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear / physiology
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Osteoclasts / cytology
- Osteoclasts / physiology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
Citations
This article has been cited 15 times.- Di Stefano DA, Orlando F, Ottobelli M, Fiori D, Garagiola U. A comparison between anorganic bone and collagen-preserving bone xenografts for alveolar ridge preservation: systematic review and future perspectives. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2022 Jul 12;44(1):24.
- Tumedei M, Mijiritsky E, Mourão CF, Piattelli A, Degidi M, Mangano C, Iezzi G. Histological and Biological Response to Different Types of Biomaterials: A Narrative Single Research Center Experience over Three Decades. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Jun 28;19(13).
- Di Stefano DA, Vinci R, Capparè P, Gherlone EF. A retrospective preliminary histomorphometric and clinical investigation on sinus augmentation using enzyme-deantigenic, collagen-preserving equine bone granules and plasma rich in growth factors. Int J Implant Dent 2021 Jun 11;7(1):60.
- de Melo Pereira D, Schumacher M, Habibovic P. Cobalt-containing calcium phosphate induces resorption of biomineralized collagen by human osteoclasts. Biomater Res 2021 Mar 20;25(1):6.
- Piolanti N, Del Chiaro A, Matassi F, Nistri L, Graceffa A, Marcucci M. Bone integration in acetabular revision hip arthroplasty using equine-derived bone grafts: a retrospective study. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2020 May;30(4):575-581.
- Di Stefano DA, Greco G, Gherlone E. A Preshaped Titanium Mesh for Guided Bone Regeneration with an Equine-Derived Bone Graft in a Posterior Mandibular Bone Defect: A Case Report. Dent J (Basel) 2019 Aug 1;7(3).
- Di Stefano DA, Zaniol T, Cinci L, Pieri L. Chemical, Clinical and Histomorphometric Comparison between Equine Bone Manufactured through Enzymatic Antigen-Elimination and Bovine Bone Made Non-Antigenic Using a High-Temperature Process in Post-Extractive Socket Grafting. A Comparative Retrospective Clinical Study. Dent J (Basel) 2019 Jul 1;7(3).
- Lo Giudice R, Rizzo G, Centofanti A, Favaloro A, Rizzo D, Cervino G, Squeri R, Costa BG, La Fauci V, Lo Giudice G. Steam Sterilization of Equine Bone Block: Morphological and Collagen Analysis. Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:9853765.
- Mattioli B, Iacoviello P, Aldiano C, Verrina G. Subcranial Le Fort III Advancement with Equine-Derived Bone Grafts to Correct Syndromic Midfacial Hypoplasia: A Case Report. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2018 Sep;17(3):296-300.
- Lorenzo FDR. Treating a Recalcitrant Non-union of the Radius Using Autogenous Bone, Equine Bone Paste, Equine Demineralized Bone Matrix, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Bone Marrow Aspirate. A Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep 2017 Nov-Dec;7(6):31-35.
- Di Stefano DA, Greco GB, Riboli F. Guided Bone Regeneration of an Atrophic Mandible with a Heterologous Bone Block. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2016 Mar;9(1):88-93.
- Tetè S, Vinci R, Zizzari VL, Zara S, La Scala V, Cataldi A, Gherlone E, Piattelli A. Maxillary sinus augmentation procedures through equine-derived biomaterial or calvaria autologous bone: immunohistochemical evaluation of OPG/RANKL in humans. Eur J Histochem 2013 Feb 27;57(1):e10.
- Reichert C, Götz W, Reimann S, Keilig L, Hagner M, Bourauel C, Jäger A. Resorption behavior of a nanostructured bone substitute: in vitro investigation and clinical application. J Orofac Orthop 2013 Mar;74(2):165-74.
- Sollazzo V, Palmieri A, Girardi A, Zollino I, Brunelli G, Spinelli G, Carinci F. Osteoplant acts on stem cells derived from peripheral blood. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2010 Jan;14(1):12-7.
- Rossi R, Bambini F, Dellavia C, Henin D, Memè L. 'Lamina External Graft Overlay': The Use of Segmented Xenogenic Bone Sheets in the Reconstruction of 3D Bone Defects. Medicina (Kaunas) 2025 Apr 8;61(4).
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