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Home / Equine Research Bank / Toxins (Basel) / Humoral Immune Response Evaluation in Horses Vaccinated with...
Toxins2021; 13(8); doi: 10.3390/toxins13080566

Humoral Immune Response Evaluation in Horses Vaccinated with Recombinant Clostridium perfringens Toxoids Alpha and Beta for 12 Months.

Abstract: In horses, Clostridium perfringens is associated with acute and fatal enterocolitis, which is caused by a beta toxin (CPB), and myonecrosis, which is caused by an alpha toxin (CPA). Although the most effective way to prevent these diseases is through vaccination, specific clostridial vaccines for horses against C. perfringens are not widely available. The aim of this study was to pioneer the immunization of horses with three different concentrations (100, 200 and 400 µg) of C. perfringens recombinant alpha (rCPA) and beta (rCPB) proteins, as well as to evaluate the humoral immune response over 360 days. Recombinant toxoids were developed and applied to 50 horses on days 0 and 30. Those vaccines attempted to stimulate the production of alpha antitoxin (anti-CPA) and beta antitoxin (anti-CPB), in addition to becoming innocuous, stable and sterile. There was a reduction in the level of neutralizing anti-CPA and anti-CPB antibodies following the 60th day; therefore, the concentrations of 200 and 400 µg capable of inducing a detectable humoral immune response were not determined until day 180. In practical terms, 200 µg is possibly the ideal concentration for use in the veterinary industry's production of vaccines against the action of C. perfringens in equine species.
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Publication Date: 2021-08-13 PubMed ID: 34437437PubMed Central: PMC8402361DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080566Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Veterinary
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study explores the immunization of horses against Clostridium perfringens with three different concentrations of recombinant alpha and beta proteins and evaluates the immune response over a year. The study suggests that a 200 µg concentration may be ideal for the production of vaccines for equine species.

Study Objectives and Methodology

  • The primary purpose of this research was to kickstart the immunization of horses against two diseases caused by Clostridium perfringens, i.e., acute enterocolitis and myonecrosis, through vaccination.
  • To achieve this, the researchers administered three different concentrations (100, 200 and 400 µg) of recombinant alpha (rCPA) and beta (rCPB) proteins to 50 horses.
  • The recombinant proteins were developed and provided to the horses on days 0 and 30 of the experiment, with the aim of stimulating the production of alpha antitoxin (anti-CPA) and beta antitoxin (anti-CPB).
  • Furthermore, the vaccines were designed to be harmless, stable, and sterile to prevent any detrimental effects on the horses’ health.

Research Findings

  • The researchers found a reduction in the level of neutralizing anti-CPA and anti-CPB antibodies after the 60th day.
  • This indicates that the vaccines were not able to trigger a detectable humoral immune response until day 180 for the concentrations of 200 µg and 400 µg.
  • As a result of these findings, the researchers suggest that the 200 µg concentration might be the optimal dosage for producing vaccines against Clostridium perfringens in horses.

Implication of the Research

  • The research paves the way for the prevention of acute enterocolitis and myonecrosis in horses, which are diseases caused by Clostridium perfringens, through vaccination.
  • It provides valuable insights for the veterinary industry by suggesting an ideal concentration of 200 µg for producing effective vaccines.
  • This could potentially improve the health and longevity of horses by protecting them against diseases associated with Clostridium perfringens..

Cite This Article

APA
Freitas NFQR, Otaka DY, Galvão CC, de Almeida DM, Ferreira MRA, Moreira Júnior C, Hidalgo MMMH, Conceição FR, Salvarani FM. (2021). Humoral Immune Response Evaluation in Horses Vaccinated with Recombinant Clostridium perfringens Toxoids Alpha and Beta for 12 Months. Toxins (Basel), 13(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080566

Publication

Toxins
ISSN: 2072-6651
NlmUniqueID: 101530765
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 8

Researcher Affiliations

Freitas, Nayra F Q R
  • Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal CEP 68740-970, Brazil.
Otaka, Denis Y
  • Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal CEP 68740-970, Brazil.
Galvão, Cleideanny C
  • Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal CEP 68740-970, Brazil.
de Almeida, Dayane M
  • Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal CEP 68740-970, Brazil.
Ferreira, Marcos R A
  • Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 96160-000, Brazil.
Moreira Júnior, Clóvis
  • Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 96160-000, Brazil.
Hidalgo, Marina M M H
  • Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 96160-000, Brazil.
Conceição, Fabricio R
  • Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 96160-000, Brazil.
Salvarani, Felipe M
  • Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal CEP 68740-970, Brazil.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Bacterial / blood
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
  • Antigens, Bacterial / administration & dosage
  • Bacterial Vaccines / administration & dosage
  • Clostridium Infections / prevention & control
  • Clostridium Infections / veterinary
  • Clostridium perfringens / immunology
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horses / immunology
  • Immunity, Humoral
  • Male
  • Recombinant Proteins / administration & dosage
  • Toxoids / administration & dosage
  • Toxoids / genetics
  • Vaccination

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Ekinoğlu DN, Çelik V, Gül E, Kalender H, Öngör H, Çetinkaya B. Sheep immune response against a novel recombinant enterotoxemia and infectious necrotic hepatitis vaccine in Türkiye. BMC Vet Res 2025 May 28;21(1):380.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04841-6pubmed: 40426194google scholar: lookup
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